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PTA therapeutic skills: Neurological > Week 6 - Fxnal mobility, FES and ABI > Flashcards

Week 6 - Fxnal mobility, FES and ABI Flashcards

1
Q

Functional mobility

A

ability to move from one place to another to complete an activity or task

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2
Q

Purpose of fxnal assessment

A

measures functional abilities
info base for goal setting

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3
Q

Components of functional mobility

A

moving in bed (assist level - min, mod, or max?)
transitional movements
transfers
ambulation
stairs

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4
Q

How to increase patient participation

A

decrease hands-on by PT/PTA
decrease need for cueing/prompting

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5
Q

Progressive decrease in need for aids

A

2ww -> 4ww -> cane -> no aid

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6
Q

FES

A

Functional Electrical Stimulation

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7
Q

What does an FES do?

A

A neurological Tx. approach for flaccid/weak muscles that uses and EMS to retrain/perform a functional activity
Putting the pads on two parts of a muscle to activate it.

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8
Q

What is an ABI?

A

Acquired Brain Injury
Damage to brain, which occurs after birth and not related to a congenital or degenerative disease

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9
Q

ABI includes

A

TBI (car accident, falls)
Non-traumatic (tumor, stroke)

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10
Q

severe ABI’s can cause deficits in…

A

thought
behaviour
motivation
personal traits
talents
movement
cognition
social skills

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11
Q

ABI - Coup injury

A

1 direction hit injury

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12
Q

contrecoup injury

A

2 direction hit (whiplash in a car)

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13
Q

Cerebral Herniation

A

when brain tissue, blood and CSP shift from normal position in skull

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14
Q

Cerebral Herniation charactizations

A

decreased level of consciousness - can lead to coma
progressive motor dysfunction
vegetative disturbances
abnormal posturing

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15
Q

CSP

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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16
Q

Diffuse brain injury

A

rotational and shaking forces on brain (car roll over) - brain being injured in every part of skull
worst one
Diffuse axonal Injury (DAI)

17
Q

DAI

A

resulting in severe widespread degeneration of white matter, microscopic structural disruption

18
Q

DAI clinical picture

A

Coma
person cannot wake up, but knows and hears everything people are saying

19
Q

ABI - abnormal posturing

A

Decorticate
Decerebrate

20
Q

Decorticate

A

feet in plantar flexion
arms at core

21
Q

Decerebrate

A

arms held in extension
wrists held internal rotation and flexion
feet in plantar flexion

22
Q

Coma emergence

A

patient may experience significant agitation, anxiousness and aggression during time after coming out of coma

23
Q

Coma: structured Tx. sessions should be

A

in quiet areas to reduce distractions
broken up into multiple shorter sessions

24
Q

Coma emergence Tx.

A

pt. may be progressively mobilized through tilt table or standing frame activities
vital signs monitored for changes and adverse physiological responses to positional changes

25
Q

secondary brain damage

A

results from initial injury

  • raised intracranial pressure
  • arterial hypoxia and brain
    ischemia
  • cerebral edema
  • arterial hypotension
  • impaired salt and water balance
  • intracranial infection
  • hydrocephalus (swelling of
    brain
26
Q

ABI recovery factors

A

age
size of lesion(s)
extent of diffuse injury
premorbid skills, intelligence, behaviours
genetic inheritance
neural plasticity
nutritional history
environment
medical management, rehab, family involvement
availability of support services

27
Q

ABI - PT management considerations

A

Behavioural management
motor learning
motivation
attention
memory
motor control
family education

28
Q

ABI - managing impulsivity

A

stay aware at all times
give patients 1 command at a time

29
Q

ABI - How to get pt. up and going!

A

give choices - want to go to the bathroom first, or go straight to walking

30
Q

ABI - emotional liability

A

reassure patients this is not unusual and carry on

31
Q

ABI - decreased memory

A

use memory aids
repetition

32
Q

Managing comm issues - Apraxia

A

Hard to get message out - speech muscles are affected
encourage breath control and pauses
clarify words

33
Q

Managing communication issues - Dysarthria

A

speech muscles are damaged, paralyzed or weakened
breath control
clarify words

34
Q

Dysphasia - managing comm issues

A

partial loss of ability to produce and understand spoken language
use tools/diagrams
liaise with SLP and follow recommendations

35
Q

Paraphasia - managing comm issues

A

production of unintended syllables, words or phrases while speaking
breath control
clarify words

36
Q

Dysphagia - managing comm issues

A

difficulty/painful swallowing
encourage to follow recommendations from SLP and dietician

37
Q

Mild TBI means what?

A

concussion

PTA therapeutic skills: Neurological (9 decks)

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