Week 7- The Italian campaign

Question 1

How was the war going between 1794-95?

Answer 1

The Italian Campaign was not going well

The French troops had not been winning any battles.

Question 2

Why were French troops not winning any battles?

Answer 2

The Army of Italy was poorly equipped (wrong uniform and weapons)
Soldiers were malnourished
The soldiers were not being payed
From 1792, they were confined to the mountains and coastline, with little opportunity for glory.

Question 3

What role did Napoleon initially play in the Italian campaign?

Answer 3

He was not expected to take on the main thrust of the campaign against Austria in the Spring of 1796.
This responsibility was given to Hoche
Napoleon had the task of holding back the Austrians in Italy as a diversion for Hoche.

Question 4

How did Napoleon improve his army?

Answer 4

Made decisions without consulting government.
He allowed his troops to plunder their defeated areas.
He made speeches to his troops to inspire them.
He equipped them with the required resources.
He trained his soldiers properly, unlike previous generals.
He took on new military tactics

Question 5

What was the effect of plundering the defeated areas?

Answer 5

Motivated the soldiers to win as they were finally getting paid.
Provided them with weapons and equipment.

Question 6

What did Napoleon do with the defeated areas?

Answer 6

Set up an administration and left some soldiers behind.
He captured enemy soldiers and offered them the opportunity to join his troops.
This offer was usually accepted as he treated his soldiers well.

Question 7

When did the Italian campaign against Austria begin?

Answer 7

March 1796

Question 8

What was achieved at the Battle of Montenotte?

Answer 8

April 1796

Napoleon succeeded in dividing the Piedmontese army from the Austrian allies.

Question 9

When was The Armistice of Cherasco?

Answer 9

April 1796

Question 10

What was achieved with The Armistice of Cherasco?

Answer 10

Piedmontese withdrew from the war of the first coalition.
Gave Savon, Nice and other territories to France and provided them with supplies, munitions and free passage for French troops.

Question 11

When was the battle of Lodi?

Answer 11

10th May 1796

Question 12

What was the effect of winning the battle of Lodi?

Answer 12

Occupied the ancient Duchy of Milan.

Question 13

What did Napoleon do with his captured areas?

Answer 13

December 1796- He established the Cispadane Republic and the Transpadane Republic.

Question 14

When did Napoleon win the Battle of Rivoli?

Answer 14

14th–15th January 1797

Question 15

What was the significance of the Battle of Rivoli?

Answer 15

Napoleon won victory over Mantua and started occupying Venice.

Question 16

What changes did Napoleon make to the Cispadane Republic and the Transpadane Republic?

Answer 16

June 1797- He created the Cisalpine Republic and the Ligurian Republic.
He began to advance further towards Austria which worried the Austrian commander-in-chief Archduke Charles.

Question 17

When and what was The Treaty of Leoben?

Answer 17

17th April 1797

It negotiated peace terms with Archduke Charles.

Question 18

When was The Treaty of Campo Formio?

Answer 18

17th October 1797

Question 19

What did the Treaty of Campo Formio agree?

Answer 19

Recognition of French control over the Austrian-Netherlands.
Austrian acceptance of the Cisalpine and Ligurian Republics.
Recognition of the French Rhine frontier.
French possession of several islands.

Question 20

What was the significance of the Treaty of Campo Formio?

Answer 20

Ended the War of the First Coalition, leaving only Britain at war with France.
Marked a resounding success for Napoleon.
It only marked a small break in the conflict, between October 1797 and March 1799.