Week 7 - risk factors and local risk factors

Question 1

etiologic factor

Answer 1

Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure known to cause disease

Question 2

Local risk factors

Answer 2

acquired: plaque, calculus, partial dentures, open contacts, overhanging margins
anatomical: mispositioned teeth, furcation, root grooves

Question 3

Systemic factors

Answer 3

modifiable: smoking, diabetes, poor diet, certain meds, stress
non modifiable: socioeconomic status, genetics, adolescence, pregnancy, age

Question 4

Periodontitis risk factors

Answer 4

heredity, systemic disease, medications, habits, social atmosphere, pathogens

Question 5

Local contributing factors (3)

Answer 5

1) Primary etiologic factor (Root causes of condition that initiates pathologic effect)
2) Local (intraoral) contributing factor (Secondary factor present in oral cavity)
3) Disease site for periodontal disease (Individual tooth or specific surface of tooth)

Question 6

what harm can local factors cause

Answer 6

• Do not initiate periodontal disease
  
  • They contribute to the process already initiated by the bacterial biofilm
  • They may increase the risk of developing disease
  • They may increase the risk of developing more severe disease

Question 7

local factor that increases plaque biofilm retention

Answer 7

rough edge on restoration harbours biofilm or hinders removal w brush and floss

Question 8

local factors increases plaque biofilm pathogenecy

Answer 8

calculus deposits labour biofilm, allowing community to grow unhibiteded for extended time

Question 9

local factor that inflicts damage to the peridontium

Answer 9

ill-fitting appliance that puts excessive pressure on gingiva - trauma

Question 10

Effects of calculus on peridontium

Answer 10

• irregular surface, deposits build up, alters contours, adhere to implants, biofilm causes inflammation response, presences makes it difficult to control

Question 11

Inorganic portion of calculus

Answer 11

70-90%, calcium phosphate

Question 12

organic portion of calculus

Answer 12

10-30%, plaque biofilm, epithelial cells, dead white blood cells, living bacteria

Question 13

Crystalline forms of dental calculus (3)

Answer 13

1) brushite - newly formed
2) octacalcium phosphate - less than 6 months old
3) hydroxyapatite - more than 6 months old

Question 14

Calculus attachment types: (3)

Answer 14

1) pellicle (thin, bacteria free, common on enamel, easy to remove)
2) irregularities in tooth (cracks on tooth, grooves, difficult to remove b/c they are sheltered)
3) direct contact with calcified component and tooth surface (matrix interlocks with inorganic crystals, very difficult to remove)

Question 15

Palatoradicular groove (local factor)

Answer 15

palatal to root, common on max ling incisors, plaque retentive (straight line down back of tooth)

Question 16

root concavity (local factor)

Answer 16

medial root of max first pre molar, self care challenge, floss doesn’t work

Question 17

CEP cervical enamel projection (local factor)

Answer 17

flat, triangular-shaped projection of enamel, projects in direction of furcation, found on root of trunks of molar teeth, retain biofilm

Question 18

enamel pearl (local factor)

Answer 18

well-defended spherical enamel deposit found on root surface (root trunks of molar teeth)

Question 19

Malocclusions (local factor)

Answer 19

irregular alignment of teeth, predisposes area to biofilm retention and gingival inflammation
Close collaborative, multidisciplinary approac

Question 20

dental caries (local factor)

Answer 20

untreated tooth decay, can act as protected habitat for bacteria to live and grow undisturbed
- Management paramount to managing periodontal condition

Question 21

orthodontic appliances (local factor)

Answer 21

harbor plaque, make surfaces less accessible for brushing and flossing, limit physiologic self cleaning mechanism of tongue and cheek

Question 22

dental restorations (local factor)

Answer 22

promoting adherence and colonization of bacteria (can cause tooth decay or peri disease
overhanging margins - smooth
open margins - close gap
over contoured crowns - fix

Question 23

damage due to faulty prosthetics and appliances (local factor)

Answer 23

Prosthesis - used to restore missing parts of teeth, missing teeth, tissues of jaw and palate - Challenging to keep clean

Question 24

inappropriate crown placement (local factor)

Answer 24

Can cause alveolar bone resorption if encroaches on 2 mm zone coronal to crest (body will recreate room between margins

Question 25

faulty removable prosthesis (local factor)

Answer 25

Removable can be cleaned daily (partial /complete/ implant supported denture)
Can impinge on gingi tissue

Question 26

denture stomatitis (local factor)

Answer 26

Asymptomatic, caused by over growth on Candida spp. Puffy, erythematous mucosal lesion, reversable with good mechanical plaque control

Question 27

direct damage from patient habits (local factor)

Answer 27

Improper use of plaque biofilm aids, tongue thrusting, Mouth breathing, Traumatic tooth brushing , Oral jewelry

Question 28

trauma from occlusion (local factor)

Answer 28

alveolar bone resorption
primary - injury, wider PDL, tooth mobility, pain
secondary - injury from normal excessive forces, rapid bone loss, and pocket formation
parafunctional forces - tooth to tooth contact

Question 29

direct damage caused by normal anatomical factors (local factor)

Answer 29

Frenum attaches lips to alveolar muscle and periosteum (provides stability) tension from lip movement can cause pull

Question 30

Direct damage due to food impaction (local factor)

Answer 30

Wedging food between teeth, may trigger ging inflammatory response, can strip gingival tissues away from tooth surface, can lead to alterations in ging contour