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Health Promo And Disease Prevent > Week 3 & 4 review > Flashcards

Week 3 & 4 review Flashcards

1
Q

Microbe

A

all types of microscopic organisms

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2
Q

bacterium/bacteria

A

smallest, simplest living organisms

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3
Q

Cell envelope

A

a complex, multilayered structure that protects the microorganism from external environment

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4
Q

Gram staining

A

classifies bacteria as gram positive or negative

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5
Q

Gram positive

A

single, thick, multilayered, mesh-like, wall composed of peptidoglycan, thick layer lies above cytoplasmic membrane that faces the interior of the cell
appears purple

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6
Q

Gram negative

A

two membranes:
1) outer membrane faces external environment, composed of proteins and lipoplysacchrides (endotoxin)
2) between outer and cytoplasm, is a thin cell wall compared of peptiglycan - does not absorb purple appears red

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7
Q

Biofilm

A

complex microbial community, embedded within an extracellular self-protective matrix, that adheres to a living or nonliving surface

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8
Q

oral biofilm

A

3D community embedded in a protective matrix that consists of microbial metabolic products or host components

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9
Q

commensal bacteria

A

part of normal flora, symbiotic relationship with host

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10
Q

dysbiosis

A

microbial imbalance in body

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11
Q

vertical transmission

A

saliva form parent to child (different generations)

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12
Q

horizontal transmission

A

sharing saliva from same generation

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13
Q

Acquired salivary pellicle

A

within seconds, salivary film forms composed of salivary glycoproteins and antibodies

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14
Q

coaggregation

A

process with genetically distinct bacteria become attached to another

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15
Q

extracellular protective matrix

A

once firmly attached, microbes will secrete an enveloping protective substance

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16
Q

Microbial blooms

A

periods when specific groups will grow rapidly; fast; begin to grow away from tooth

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17
Q

Mushroom-shaped micro colonies

A

microbes cluster together that are attached to tooth surface at a narrow base - results in complex collection of different microbes linked together

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18
Q

fluid channels

A

penetrate the ECM, direct fluids around biofilm, brining nutrients and oxygen, and carry waste away.

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19
Q

quorum sensing

A

communication occurs when biofilm release and sense small proteins (signalling proteins)

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20
Q

tooth-associated plaque biofilms

A

bacteria attached to tooth surface
examples: Streptococcus mitis, S. Sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus
- Cocci and rods dominate tooth - associated plaque biofilms

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21
Q

tissue-associated plaque biofilms

A

bacteria that adhere to the epithelium
example: spirochetes and flagellated and gram negative cocci and rods
- Streptococcus oralis, S. intermedius, porphyromonas gingivalis, pevotella intermedia, tannerella forsythia, fusobacterium nucleatum

22
Q

unattached bacteria

A

periodontal pocket also contains free-floating unattached bacteria

23
Q

Non-specific plaque hypothesis

A

the accumulation of bacterial biofilms lead to periodontal disease (historical)

24
Q

specific plaque hypothesis

A

the specific pathogenic bacteria and their products in the biofilm lead to periodontal disease (historical)
- Orange and red complexes - major etiologic agents of periodontal disease
- Yellow, green, blue, and purple complexes - compatible with gingival health

25
Q

ecological plaque hypothesis

A

accumulation of nonspecific bacteria tiggers the host inflammatory response which alters the local environment

26
Q

microbial homeostasis - host response hypothesis

A

although they cause inflammatory response leading to gingivitis, the pathogenic bacteria are not direct cause of destruction of tissues seen in periodontitis

27
Q

keystone pathogen - host response hypothesis

A

expands on other theory: that a specific bacterial species is key in creating the shift from symbiotic microbes to dysbiotic microbes in the biofilm community. In turn, the dysbiotic biofilm community triggers the uncontrolled host response that results in damage to the periodontal tissues

28
Q

A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)

A

Gram -
Rod shaped
Nonmotile
Facultative (live in multiple environments)
Late colonizer
Mainly subgingival
Found in periodontal disease

29
Q

S. Mitis

A

Gram positive
Cocci shaped
Non-motile
Early colonizer
Tooth associated plaque
Facultative
Found in both health and disease (but not associated with periodontitis)

30
Q

P. gingivalis

A

Includes vertical transmission
Gram negative
Obligate anaerobes (doesn’t like oxygen)
Tissue associated plaque
Considered keystone species (cause shift to disease via host immune response)
It is Rods
intermediate colonizers

31
Q

F. nucleatum

A

Gram negative
Rod shaped bacterium
Non-motile
Intermediate colonizer
Tissue associated plaque
Facultative
Found in periodontal disease
Found in amniotic fluid

32
Q

T. forsythica

A

Gram negative
Obligate anaerobes
Rods
Found in periodontal disease
Non motile
Member of the red complex
Bridge between the early and late colonizing bacteria of dental plaque
Tissue associated
Late colonizer (likes to attach to p. Gingivalis esp)

33
Q

S. oralis

A

Gram positive
Cocci
Non-motile
Early Colonizer
Facultative
Mostly associated with health
tissue associated

34
Q

A. viscous

A

Gram positive
Rods
Facultative anaerobes
Non-motile
Early colonizer
Tooth-associated plaque
- health certain conditions dental plaque

35
Q

S. sanguis

A

Gram positive
Cocci
Motile
Early colonizer
Tooth associated plaque
Facultative
Can be found in both health and disease, but more abundant in health

36
Q

P. intermedia

A

Gram negative
Rod shaped bacterium
Non motile
Intermediate colonizer
Tooth associated plaque
Obligate anaerobic
Found in periodontal disease (aggressive necrotizing periodontitis

37
Q

C. gingivalis

A

Gram negative
Bacilli
Motile
Tooth associated plaque
Facultative
Present in both health and periodontal disease; found in greater numbers in disease states

38
Q

aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobic

A

aerobic - need O
anaerobic - cant live with O
Facultative - can exist with or without O

39
Q

Formation time lines:

A

minutes - free floating attach
2-4 hours - strongly attached micro colonies
6-12 hours - produce matrix
2-4 days - fully mature biofilm colonies recover from disruption

40
Q

Blocking-protective matrix

A

prevents large molecules and inflammatory cells from penetrating deeply into biofilm

41
Q

mutual protection

A

antibiotic resistant Bactria secrete protective enzymes to protect neighbouring bacteria

42
Q

5 stages of polymicrobial biofilm formation

A

1) initial attachment to pellicle
2) permanent attachment
3) maturation phase I
4) maturation phase II
5) dispersion

43
Q

Stage 1: Initial attachment

A
  • Pellicle composed of glycoproteins and antibodies (always there)
  • Protects enamel from acid activity
  • Intermediate and late bacterial colonizers are unable to adhere to tooth until early colonizers do
44
Q

Stage 2: permanent attachment

A
  • Microbes able to Withstand hydrodynamic forces attain permanent attachment
  • Produce substances to attract other microbes to the community
45
Q

Stage 3 - Maturation phase I: self-protective matrix formation

A
  • Firmly attached bacteria surrounding protective secrete surrounding protective substance called extracellular protective matrix
  • Consists of proteins, glycolipids, bacterial DNA
  • Protects against host-generated immune defenses (chronic diseases is established)
46
Q

Step 4: Maturation II: mushroom-shaped microcolonies

A
  • Microbes cluster together and form mushroom-shaped microcolonies that attach to the tooth by a narrow base
  • Grow at accelerated rate, thicker
  • Fluid channels penetrate the protective matrix
  • Communication (cell-to-cell) via chemical signals
47
Q

stage 5: Dispersion: escape form the matrix

A

Microbes disperse from the colony to spread and colonize other tooth surfaces

48
Q

Early colonizers

A
  • Streptococcal species can attach to the tooth pellicle and to each other
  • Other early colonizers cannot attach to the pellicle but can congregate with the strep
49
Q

intermediate and late colonizers

A
  • Must join in proper sequence
  • Periodontal pathogens are late colonizers of biofilm
50
Q

Biofilm components

A
  • Mainly Microorganisms
  • Minor: carbohydrates, salivary components/proteins, desquamated cells, exudate, bacteria by-products (enzymes), inorganic products (Ca, Fl, K, etc)
51
Q
A

Health Promo And Disease Prevent (5 decks)

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