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Biology > Week 7 - Recap Cell Biology > Flashcards

Week 7 - Recap Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following structures in plants is primarily involved in long-distance transport of water?

A

Xylem

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2
Q

The primary role of meristematic tissues in plants is to:
A) Perform photosynthesis
B) Store nutrients
C) Facilitate growth and differentiation
D) Provide structural support

A

Answer: C) Facilitate growth and differentiation

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3
Q

How does photorespiration negatively affect plant metabolism?
A) By decreasing the amount of oxygen produced
B) By using up ATP and releasing carbon dioxide instead of fixing it
C) By increasing water loss through transpiration
D) By reducing sugar production directly

A

Answer: B) By using up ATP and releasing carbon dioxide instead of fixing it

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4
Q

What is the role of aquaporins in plant and animal cells?
A) Energy production
B) Regulating water flow across membranes
C) Transporting nutrients
D) Synthesizing proteins

A

Answer: B) Regulating water flow across membranes

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5
Q

Which pathway do stomata primarily regulate?
A) Nutrient uptake
B) Gas exchange (CO₂ and O₂)
C) Water absorption
D) Photosynthetic reactions

A

Answer: B) Gas exchange (CO₂ and O₂)

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6
Q

Plasmodesmata are important for which of the following functions in plants?
A) Nutrient absorption
B) Gas exchange
C) Cell communication and transport of substances
D) Photosynthesis

A

Answer: C) Cell communication and transport of substances

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7
Q
  1. What is the significance of companion cells in the phloem?
    A) They provide structural support to the phloem
    B) They transport water alongside xylem
    C) They regulate the metabolic functions of sieve elements
    D) They store sugars for the plant
A

Answer: C) They regulate the metabolic functions of sieve elements

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8
Q
  1. In cytokinesis, how do animal and plant cells differ?
A

Animal cells use a contractile ring; plant cells use vesicle fusion

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9
Q

Which process in plant cells involves the degradation of extracellular components?

A

Endocytosis

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10
Q

What distinguishes the apoplastic pathway from the symplastic pathway in plants?

A

Apoplastic moves through the cell walls, while symplastic moves through plasmodesmata

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11
Q
  1. The extracellular matrix in animal cells is primarily composed of which structural protein?
    A) Fibronectin
    B) Collagen
    C) Elastin
    D) Keratin
A

Answer: B) Collagen

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12
Q

Which structure in plant cells is primarily responsible for regulating water and nutrient uptake?
A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Root hairs
D) Epidermal cells

A

Answer: C) Root hairs

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13
Q

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

A

Photosynthesis and storage of starch

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14
Q

The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins primarily through which process?
A) Glycosylation
B) Phosphorylation
C) Methylation
D) Ubiquitination

A

Answer: A) Glycosylation

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15
Q

What role does RuBisCO play in the oxygenase reaction?

A

It can incorporate oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, leading to photorespiration

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16
Q

What distinguishes a transmission electron microscope (TEM) from a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?

A

TEM allows for internal structures to be examined, while SEM visualizes surface topography

17
Q
  1. Which feature allows biobots to function after the death of an organism?
A

Sustained biochemical cues and nutrients

18
Q
  1. What type of tissue is responsible for long-distance transport of water and nutrients in plants?
    A) Dermal tissue
    B) Ground tissue
    C) Vascular tissue
    D) Meristematic tissue
A

Answer: C) Vascular tissue

19
Q
  1. Which meristem is located at the shoot tip and root tip of plants?
    A) Lateral meristem
    B) Apical meristem
    C) Ground meristem
    D) Secondary meristem
A

Answer: B) Apical meristem

20
Q

What is the main function of companion cells in phloem?

A

Control sieve element functions

21
Q

What distinguishes xylem cells from phloem cells?

A

Xylem cells conduct water and dissolved ions; phloem cells transport sugars

21
Q

Which process allows plant cells to repair damaged tissues?
A) Differentiation
B) Pluripotency
C) Transdifferentiation
D) Apical growth

A

Answer: B) Pluripotency

22
Q

What type of tissue primarily protects and regulates molecular exchange in plants?
A) Vascular tissue
B) Ground tissue
C) Dermal tissue
D) Meristematic tissue

A

Answer: C) Dermal tissue

23
Q
  1. What is a callus in the context of plant tissue culture?
A

A mass of undifferentiated cells

24
Q
  1. In plant development, what is the function of lateral meristems?
A

Increase the width of stems and roots

25
Q

Which structure increases the surface area for absorption in transfer cells?

A

Microvilli-like wall ingrowths

26
Q

What type of transport occurs within vascular tissue?

A

A) Long-distance transport of nutrients and water

27
Q

The epidermis of leaves has stomatal pores that respond to changes in?
A) Temperature
B) Light
C) Hydraulic pressure
D) Soil moisture

A

Answer: C) Hydraulic pressure

28
Q

How do waxes on the surface of the plant epidermis contribute to plant health?
A) They enhance photosynthesis
B) They inhibit excessive water loss and pathogen entry
C) They promote nutrient uptake
D) They facilitate gas exchange

A

Answer: B) They inhibit excessive water loss and pathogen entry

29
Q

What is the primary function of ground tissue in plants?
A) Water transport
B) Protection
C) Storage and biosynthesis
D) Nutrient uptake

A

Answer: C) Storage and biosynthesis

30
Q

What process allows for grafting in plants?
A) Apical growth
B) Cell differentiation
C) Pluripotency and de-differentiation
D) Lateral meristem expansion

A

Pluripotency and de-differentiation

31
Q

In which part of the plant does photosynthesis primarily occur?
A) Roots
B) Stems
C) Leaves
D) Flowers

A

Leaves

Biology (12 decks)

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