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BPK 241 > Week 7 [not including lab] > Flashcards

Week 7 [not including lab] Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical, functional, and physiological joint type of the knee?

A
  • synovial
  • hinge
  • rotation/rolling and gliding
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2
Q

What bones make up the knee (3)

A

femur
tibia
patella

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3
Q

List 5 structures that provide stability to the knee

A
  • capsule
  • ligaments
  • menisci
  • muscles
  • tendons
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4
Q

Explain how the knee capsule provides stability?

A
  • resists hyper extension

- provides rotational stability

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5
Q

List the extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments

A
  • extracapsular: medial collateral, lateral collateral

- intracapsular: anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate

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6
Q

What is the role of the anterior cruciate ligament

A

prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the fixed femur and prevents hyperextension

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7
Q

What is the role of the posterior cruciate ligament

A

prevents posterior displacement of the tibia on the fixed femur

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8
Q

Explain the role of menisci and what it is made of?

A
  • provides cushioning and stability; increases synovial circulation
  • fibrocartilage
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9
Q

What is the mensci attached to?

A
  • tibial plateau

- capsule by coronary ligaments

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10
Q

List the muscles that make up the quadricep femoris

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedias
  • vastus lateralis
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11
Q

What movement is the quadriceps responsible for?

A

knee extension, hip flexion

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12
Q

List the muscles that make up the hamstrings

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semimembranosis
  • semitendinosis
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13
Q

What movement is the hamstrings responsible for?

A

knee flexion, hip extension

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14
Q

What movement is the tensor fascia latae (TFL) responsible for?

A

flex and abduct thigh on trunk at hip

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15
Q

What movement is the gracilis responsible for?

A

knee flexion

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16
Q

What muscles provide side stability to the knee?

A

lateral: tensor fascia latae (TFL)
medial: gracilis

17
Q

Explain the motion of the femoral condyles during flexion and extension

A

flexion: anterior glide and posterior roll
extension: posterior glide and anterior roll

18
Q

Why is the medial meniscus more C shaped and the lateral meniscus O shaped?

A

he medial tibial plateau has a greater anterior posterier distance than the lateral tibial plateau

19
Q

Explain what happens to the following when you lock out your knees (locking mechanism):

  • ACL
  • PCL
  • joint capsule
  • medial femoral condyle
  • femur
  • tibia
A

when you lock out your knee, acl tightens, pcl tightens, joint capsule tightens, and forces medial femoral condyle into internal rotation and allows us to fully lock out our knee (quite stable)

  • femur will internally rotate and tibia will externally rotate
  • possible medial meniscal distortion
20
Q

Describe Q-angle

A

The Q-angle is measured by extending a line through the center of the patella to the anterior superior iliac spine and another line from the tibial tubercle through the center of the patella.

21
Q

What happens if the patellar tracks laterally (measured from Q angle) in its groove?

A

we can get wear and rubbing on the patella that causes pain (patellofemoral pain)

22
Q

Define: genu valgum

A

knock kneed

  • q-angle greater than 20 degrees
  • knee valgus
23
Q

Define: genu varum

A

bow legged

  • q-angle less than 10 degrees
  • knee varus
24
Q

Define: genu recurvatum

A
  • knee bends backwards.

- excessive extension occurs in the tibiofemoral joint

25
Q

Define: genu antecurvatum

A
  • hyper flexed knees
26
Q

How would you assess the LCL? MCL?

A
  • MCL: valgus stress test

- LCL: varus stress test

27
Q

How can we test for intracapsular swelling?

A
  • patellar compression; ballottement (see lec video?)

- swipe (sweep tests)

28
Q

How can we assess the ACL? (3)

A
  • anterior drawer test
  • lachman’s
  • pivot shift
29
Q

How can we assess the PCL? (2)

A
  • posterior sag

- posterior drawer

30
Q

How can we assess the meniscus? (3)

A
  • Apley’s compression
  • Mcmurray’s
  • joint line tenderness
31
Q

Describe: knee sprains

- mechanisms (2)

A
  • direct blow (valgus position or anterior)

- torsion or hyperextension (changing directions); sprains are worse if foot is fixed/planted

32
Q

Describe 1st degree knee sprains; list treatments

A
  • mild pain, mild swelling
  • no snap or pop
  • no limp, no effusion, no increased laxity
  • treatment: POLICE, physiotherapy, brace
33
Q

Describe 2nd degree knee sprains; list treatments

A
  • pain, tenderness, snap
  • swelling
  • effusion if intraarticular
  • limp
  • treatment: POLICE, physiotherapy, brace, see M.D., longer period of recovery
34
Q

Describe 3rd degree knee sprains

A
  • complete rupture of ligaments
  • more pain, tenderness, snap/pop
  • marked swelling and effusion
  • unstable or won’t bear weight
  • marked increased laxity, soft endpoint
  • treatment: NPO, stabilize + transport to hospital, will need brace +/ or surgery, follow with extensive physio, rehab
35
Q

What are some hallmark signs on an x ray of a tendon & ligament injury

A

collagen fiber disruption and malalignment

BPK 241 (7 decks)

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