Week 7 Motivation Flashcards
What is motivation?
The driving force behind behaviour that leads us to pursue some things and avoid others.
• Two components: what people want to do, how strongly they want to do it.
• biological needs (air, sleep, sex) and psychosocial needs( power, achievement, relatedness to others).
Psychodynamic perspective on motivation
Humans are motivated by drives.
Eros (libido) - psychodynamic drives to satisfy bodily needs such as those achieved by eating, excreting and fulfilling sexual gratification
Thanatos (aggression) - drive includes desires to control others and the environment.
Behaviourist perspective on motivation
Primary drives and secondary drives.
Primary drives include basic human needs such as hunger, thirst, tiredness and arousal.
Secondary drives exist alongside a primary drive. For example, a desire for a higher social status that it is believed will bring about primary needs being met more easily.
Cognitive perspective on motivation
The ways in which we think, manage our attention, and plan for the future, influence whether or not we pursue our drives & how hard we will try.
The mental formation of intentional goals, constructed to meet our needs.
Expectancy theory and goal setting theory
Humanistic perspective on motivation
Achieving self actualisation
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs facilitates humans highest goal as a person, addressing what they value as an individual and how they want to live their lives. The theory is that this cannot be achieved unless first the most basic human needs are being met and then the psychological needs, such as relationships and self esteem.
What is homeostasis
An optimal state (or range of states) for a system, and performing ongoing adjustments whenever the system deviates from it
What are drive theories
The purpose of any given drive is to maintain homeostasis
What is goal setting theory?
Goals are imagined mental representations of a desirable state of affairs (i.e. ‘How things would need to be to satisfy my drives?’)
Goals of this sort can be unrealistic, but are often inspired by examples from the world around us (e.g. successful people)
What is expectancy value theory?
How our goal-directed behaviour isn’t just determined by the intensity of an activated drive, but the psychological value we place in seeing it sated.
Eg People who have decided to diet often feel the drive of hunger quite intensely, but have mentally reappraised that need as being less valuable than the goal of weight loss
What is expectancy value theory?
How our goal-directed behaviour isn’t just determined by the intensity of an activated drive, but the psychological value we place in seeing it sated.
Eg People who have decided to diet often feel the drive of hunger quite intensely, but have mentally reappraised that need as being less valuable than the goal of weight loss
What is self-determination theory?
Extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation
What is extrinsic motivation?
Performing behaviours to ‘get something’
What is intrinsic motivation
Performing behaviours because the actions themselves are rewarding or engaging
Linked to autonomy, independence and relatedness
Most successful outcomes relate to intrinsic motivation
