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Psychology > Week 5 Memory > Flashcards

Week 5 Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Define memory

A

Encoding, storing and retrieving connections.

Sensory memory
Working memory
Long term memory

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2
Q

What is encoding?

A

Paying attention to specific stimuli.

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3
Q

What is storage?

A

Maintaining coded information over time

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4
Q

What is retrieval?

A

How is the information ‘brought back out’?
recovering information from memory stores

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5
Q

What is sensory memory?

A

Happens over very short (about 1 second) period of time, to get your attention. If that is successful, the memory will then move into your working memory. Eg noise or seeing something.

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6
Q

What is working memory?

A

Your conscious awareness - anything your are consciously aware of at any point in time is running through your working memory and when you cease to be aware of it (out of mind) it has gone from your working memory.

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7
Q

What is long term memory?

A

Long-term memory refers to the storage of information over an extended period. If you can remember something that happened more than just a few moments ago whether it occurred just hours ago or decades earlier, then it is a long-term memory.

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8
Q

What happens when attention is disrupted?

A

(either ‘early’ in processing with distraction, or ‘late’ in processing with overloading) almost always results in significant disruptions to memory encoding.

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9
Q

Strategies for improving encoding

A

* Elaboration – linking the stimulus to other ideas or events
* Visual Imagery – holding a relevant image in the ‘mind’s eye’
* Self-Relevance – framing information as relevant to oneself
* Motivation to Remember – explicitly thinking about possible
future contexts when it may be useful

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10
Q

How long does sensory memory last for?

A

About one second

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11
Q

How long does working memory maintained?

A

About 10-20 seconds if rehearsed

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12
Q

How many units of info can we keep in WM at any given time

A

About 5-7 in ideal settings (eg controlled lab)
About 4-5 in the real life with other distractions

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13
Q

What are the different components of Baddely’s Working Memory Model?

A

* Phonological Loop
* Visuospatial sketchpad
* Central Executive
* Episodic Buffer

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14
Q

What is the phonological loop in working memory?

A

– ‘silent speech’ apparatus used to repeat
words to oneself (used in rehearsal)

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15
Q

What is the Visuospatial sketchpad in working memory?

A

Spatial reasoning system where we imagine and manipulate abstract images.

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16
Q

What is the central executive in working memory?

A

parses motivations, directs effort/attention

17
Q

What is the central episodic buffer in working memory?

A

– the multimodal store that lasts 10-20 sec

18
Q

Name the two main types of long term memory

A

Declarative and Procedural

19
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

Information that is consciously summoned as verbally describable facts, events or beliefs.

Broken down further into:

* Semantic memories

* Episodic memories

20
Q

What are procedural memories

A

How we do things - All of the other, more subtle & unconscious ways we learn about and adapt to the world.

Eg

Knowing how to ride a bicycle / drive a car

The ‘second-nature’ skills from practicing sports or dances

The well-rehearsed and reliable pattern of your signature

Bad habits like absent-minded biting one’s nails

The bad feeling you get around people who once wronged you

21
Q

What are episodic memories

A

– considered events that occurred somewhere within the narrative of one’s life-history

22
Q

What are semantic memories?

A

– have no episodic encoding, just facts (ie like general knowdlege)

23
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for long term memories?

A

Hippocampus - therefore interfering with the functioning of the hippocampus will disrupt memory

23
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for long term memories?

A

Hippocampus - therefore interfering with the functioning of the hippocampus will disrupt memory

24
Q

What is Retrograde Amnesia?

A

the loss of past Long-Term Memories, which can affect either episodic or semantic memories, but rarely procedural

25
Q

What is Retrograde Amnesia?

A

the loss of past Long-Term Memories, which can affect either episodic or semantic memories, but rarely procedural

26
Q

What is Anterograde Amnesia?

A

inability to encode new LT Memories, affects primarily episodic memory, but also semantic memory, yet new procedural memories can still be encoded

Psychology (12 decks)

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