week 7 Migration, displacement & resettlement

Question 1

Transition theory definition

Answer 1

assumption that transition is not always predictable or sequential.
Involves changes to social, cultural, economic and environment aspect of the migrant’s life

Question 2

What support successful transition

Answer 2

knowledge of the transition supports realistic expectations

what will working in Canada be like?

Question 3

Acculturation theory definition

Answer 3

involves social and psychological exchanges through contacts between individuals of different cultural that result in change in both groups. A dynamic process of adaptation

Question 4

What factors support acculturation

Answer 4

integration instead of isolation
Interactional, integration instead of isolation
if you avoid interactions - you are less successful.

Question 5

Transitions theory –>

Answer 5

Assumptions that transition are NOT always predictable or SEQURNTIAL. process occurs over time, involves development or change from one state to another.

Question 6

Compare transitions vs. acculturation

Answer 6

transitions is MORE INDIVIDUAL than the acculturation theory

Question 7

Factors influencing transition:

Answer 7

Personal, community & societal context = main factors influencing transition.

PERSONAL FACTORS:

• Expectations
• Perceptions of experience
• Level of knowledge & skills
• level of preparation & planning
• emotional & physical wellbeing

Unrealisitically high expectations is bad. Positive relationship between social resource & psychological well being
supports from origin cultural, family, friends, settlement in the form of community supports & policies are important

Question 8

Accultural theory definition

Answer 8

involves social & psychological exchanges through contacts BETWEEN individuals of different cultures that result in changes in both groups. A dynamic process of a adaptation.
MORE INTERACTIONAL THAN TRANSITION

Question 9

Accultural = INTERACTIONAl

Transition =

Answer 9

INDIVIDUAL

Question 10

What is acculturation

Answer 10

they dynamic process of adaptation to stress and the development of coping mechanisms in response to stress

Question 11

psychological successful adaptations

Answer 11

gaining a sense of well-being or self-esteem

Question 12

Sociocultural acculturation

Answer 12

development of relationship to others in new society or competency in the activities of daily living in a new culture.

Question 13

What is the emphasis of acculturation theory

Answer 13

migrant’s personal choices, personality variable & attitudes along with social factors

Question 14

Migrants may seek to engage in the process of acculturation through:

Answer 14

Marginalization, assimilation, separation or integration

Question 15

What is marginalization

Answer 15

negative impacts on acculturation –> exclusive & dysfunctional or deviant behaviours

Question 16

what is integrated

Answer 16

some degree of origin cultures, strive to be part of larger cultures –> fosters inclusion, positive behaviours & satisfaction with health & well-being

Question 17

Factors influencing acculturation

Answer 17

1) Personal choices are not the sole factor determining the form of acculturation strategy - Social variables & circumstances also influence the acculturation process
2) Under similar circumstances, individuals who are more OPEN-MINDED, more chance to integrate, but only if they are free to make choices and host societies practice cultural diversity
3) Migrants adopt basic values of their new society when they are provided with this freedom through education, health and labour to accommodate emigrant needs
4) psychological adaptations
5) Sociocultural adaptations
6) Economic adaptations
7) personal factors
8) Individuals with greater internal control, self-efficacy and personal or cultural identity are more prone to successful integration

Question 18

What are the psychological adaptations for acculturation theory

Answer 18

Psychological wellbeing influenced by personality variables, life change events, social support

Question 19

What sociocultural adaptations are involved in acculturation theory

Answer 19

how well the individuals are able to manage their daily lives in a new cultures & can be altered by CULTURAL KNOWEDGE, DEGREE OF CONTACT, ATTITUDE OF HOST, ATTITUDE OF NEW MEMBER

Question 20

what economic adaptations are involved with acculturation theory

Answer 20

level of satisfaction with an occupation that has been obtained in the new culture.
Related to motivation, perception of deficiency and status los on entry to workplace

Question 21

Unsuccessful adaptation at psychological, sociocultural, or economic levels leads to

Answer 21

Withdrawal
perceived marginalization
personal crises (anxiety, depression)

Question 22

What personal factors affect acculturation

Answer 22

1 - personality type (introversion vs. extroversion)
2 - locus of control
3 - self-efficacy
4 - Self-identity (personal and cultural)
5 - willingness to change - influencing factors that are commonly shared by all forms of adaptation

Question 23

Acculutration theory is ….

Answer 23

MORE PERSONAL than contextual

Question 24

Transition theory is …..

Answer 24

MORE CONTEXTUAL than personal

Question 25

Personal &contextual influences of integration

Answer 25

PERSONAL

• Personality type
• Attitudes
• Motivation
• Locus of Control
• Self-identity
• Self-efficacy

CONTEXTUAL

• Political
• Sociocultural
• Economic
• Social support

Question 26

Personal & contextual influences of transition

Answer 26

CONTEXTUAL

• Sociocultural
• environemntal
• economic
• policies
• social system

PERSONAL

• skills
• preparation
• physical
• emotional

Question 27

differences between the theories

Answer 27

• IN TRANSITION THEORY: migration is considered to be a change where success is determined by an individual’s ability to FUNCTION IN A NEW ROLE.
• IN ACCULTURATION THEORY: migration is considered to be a STRESSOR WHERE SUCCESS IS DETERMINED BY an individuals ability to adapt to stress
• migration is the physical relocation
• Acculturation is the psychological adjustment to relocation

Question 28

both transitional & acculturational theories propose this

Answer 28

CREATING SOCIAL AWARENESS - promote cultural diversity & hold gov’t accountable to the wellbeing of it’s immigrants.
society & communities levels can lead to successful migrant transitions

Question 29

transition theory suggests:

Answer 29

that increasing the amount of info about the transition process, managing emotions, increasing self-esteem will increase the change of healthy transition by fostering realistic perceptions

Question 30

Acculturation theory suggests:

Answer 30

Supports the notion that cognitive & behavioural therapy that focuses on individual variables can be useful in promoting successful transition (individual therapy, group counselling, self-direct resources such as books or computer programs)

Question 31

Research implications of transition & acculturation

Answer 31

Provide policy makers with evidence concerning the mechanism of conditions that support or hinder the process of successful transition
-personal variables support before departure

Question 32

clinical implications

Answer 32

providing well-planned interventions, referral & advocacy

understanding acculturation can be a step toward promoting culturally competent care & improving the health of migrants.

positive psychology - positive thinking & motivation strategies can increase a migrant’s sense of resiliency and help improve their problem-solving skills and ability to deal with changes

adaptation behaviours ARE NOT SOLELY PESONAL, they can be improved using a psycho-social interventions along with interventions at the community & society levels