week 5 The intersectionality of political, ethics and economics in global health: environment & climate change / food sovereignty

Question 1

Intersectionality definition

Answer 1

The interconnectedness of politics, ethics, and economics in global health. What different individuals & groups relate differently in global health.

Question 2

Intersectionality of global health

Answer 2

Economics: wealth leads to health
Politics: government is steward of health sector
Ethics: How choices are made
Key factors to finance health care: Available resources, stages of economic development, administrative capacity, Political will

Question 3

Economics & Global health

Answer 3

Healthier people are less likely to miss work, health can lead to wealth.

Question 4

Poor health leads to…

Answer 4

Decrease in investment in human capital
downward death spiral
affects working age individuals (HIV/AIDS)
destroys social network and slows down growth

Question 5

Health is different than goods/services

Answer 5

Govern is involved: provision of services ,training HC workers, regulation of quality, determining financing requires
uncertaining aroundd pt. health & what providers will do: different levels of health.
Assymettric knowledge between various groups

Question 6

Externalities:

Answer 6

cost &benefits of how an individual action may affect other
positive externalities - benefit to others (Eg. Vaccination herd immunity)
Negative externalities - cost to others (overuse of Abx, inc. antibiotic resistance)

Question 7

Four key factors to finance health

Answer 7

1) Available financial resources (taxation)
2) Stages of economic development (more wealth = more spending HC services)
3) Administrative capacity (keeping medical records, auditing financial records)
4) Political will (competing against other gov’t priorities)
* spending more does not always bring better ehealth…

Question 8

Challenges in the future (3)

Answer 8

1) Epidemiological transition: From more communicable to non-communicable
2) Aging population: higher medical costs &r sources, need for more long term care facilities
3) Population growth: 75 million people every year, mostly in the poorest countries, incr. pressure of HC resources

Question 9

Anthropocene:

Answer 9

proposed geographical epoch dating from commencement of significant health impact on earth’s geology and ecosystems, including but not limited to anthropogenic climate change.

Question 10

Key ecological aspects (all occurring at the same time)

Answer 10

1) Massive levels of population
2) Ocean acidification
3) Ozone layer depletion
4) resource depletion
5) Pollution & eco toxicity
6) species extinctions

Question 11

Ecological determinants of health (we depend on ecosystems for the very substance of life)

Answer 11

Air, water, food, fuel and material, protection for UV radiation, waste recycling & detoxification, a relatively stable & livable climate

Question 12

SDG 1: end poverty in all its forms everywhere

Answer 12

By 2030 reduce at least half the proportion and people living in poverty (international)
By 2030 build the resilience of the poor and those invulenration situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability t o climate-related events and other economic, social and enviroenemtnal shocks and disasters

Question 13

food insecurity

Answer 13

Lack of consistent, dependable access to adequate food for active, healthy living

Question 14

Health effects of food insecurity

Answer 14

obesity, diabetes hypertensions, low birth weight, depression, anxiety, etc.

Question 15

Screening tool for food insecurity

Answer 15

The hunger vital sign:
within the past 12 months, we worried whether our food would run out before we got money to buy more
within the past 12 months, the food we bought just didn’t last and we didn’t have one yto get more

Question 16

3 aspects of the anthropocene

Answer 16

1) Geological phenomenon, a new geological epic
2) An ecological phenomenon - massive & rapid global ecological change
3) A human phenomon - we are the anthroposophy in the anthropocene
* *** NOT JUST CLIMATE CHANGE!

Question 17

the great acceleration

Answer 17

1950 - socioeconomic drivers, ecosystem results

Question 18

The millennium ecosystem assessment, 2005

Answer 18

at the heart of this assessment is a stark warning. Human activity is putting such strain on the natural functions of earth that the ability of the planets ecosystems to sustain future generations can no longer be taken for granted

Question 19

Mortgaging the health of future generations

Answer 19

To realize economic & development gains in the present. By unsustainably exploiting nature’s resources, human civilizations have flourished, but now risks substantial health effects from the degradation of nature’s life support systems in the future

Question 20

We need to reduce our ecological footprint 80%

Answer 20

while meeting basic needs & ensuring his levels of human and social development good health for all

Question 21

10 principles of 1 planet living

Answer 21

1) Health & happiness
2) Local and sustainable food
3) Equity & local economy
4) Travel & transport
5) Culture & community
6) Material and products
7) Land & nature
8) Zero waste
9) Sustainable water
10) zero carbon energy

Question 22

Health benefits of a low meat diet

Answer 22

Shift to low –> 17% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, average 8 mouths more to life expectancy `

Question 23

Health benefits of active transport

Answer 23

Reduce GHGs 
reduced air pollution 
reduce crash-related injuries 
increase physical activity 
reduce obesity 
the create democratizer

Question 24

Health benefits of conservation & clean energy

Answer 24

Reduce GHGs
reduced air pollution
local energy democracy
increased local jobs

Question 25

destructing the socio-economic trends: The Equity issue

Answer 25

Most population growth is non-OECD world but the world’s economic is still be dominated by OECD world.
the great acceleration until very recently has been almost entirely driven by a small fraction of the human population, those in developed countries.

Question 26

Technological leapfrogging

Answer 26

Does not need to be followed by other nations (Eg. Leapfrogging over the need to develop & support landline structure.
We need developing countries to develop renewable energies rather than centralized grid system based on fossil-fuel generation plants

Question 27

The future trajectory of the anthropocene may well be determined by what development pathways…

Answer 27

urbanization takes in coming decades in Asian & Africa