Week 7: Gut instincts Flashcards
functions of the digestive tract
intake and digestion of food and water
absorption of nutrients
elimination of solid wastes
The digestive system is referred to as the following
digestive system (tract)
alimentary system
GI system
structures of the digestive system
mouth pharynx (throat) Esophagus Stomach small/ large intestines accessory organs of digestion
____ forms the opening to the oral cavity
lips
combining form cheil/o and labi/o
____ forms the walls of the oral cavity
Cheeks
combining form bucc/o
the ____ forms the roof of the mouth
palate
combining form is palat/o
rug/o
wrinkle or fold
ex palate
The ____ is a movable muscular organ
tongue
combining form gloss/o and lingu/o
combining form for mouth/ oral cavity
or/o
stomat/o
combining form for jaw
gnath/o
_____ means having an elongated mandible (overshot)
prognathia
____ means having a shortened mandible (undershot)
Brachygnathia
____ are arranged in the maxillary and mandibular arcade
Teeth
combining form for teeth is
dent/0
dent/i
odont/o
_____ refers to the teeth as a whole
Dentition
What is deciduous dentition
shedding teeth
front cutting teeth
incisor
long, pointed bonelike tooth for grasping and tearing
canine
cheek tooth that grinds food
premolar
caudal cheek tooth that grinds food
molar
outer surface located in the crown
enamel
outer surface located in the root
cementum
connective tissue surrounding the pulp
dentin
inner part of tooth that contains nerves, vessels, and loose connective tissue
pulp
___ is the mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth
combining form?
gingiva
gingiv/o
____ are groups of cells that secrete saliva
combining form?
Salivary glands
sialaden/o , sial/o
the _____ is the cavity in the caudal oral cavity that joins the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.
combining form?
pharynx
pharyng/o
The _______ is a collapsible, muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach.
combining form?
esophagus
esophag/o
____ is where the remaining digestive organs are found.
combining form?
abdomen
abdomin/o , celi/o , lapar/o (abdomen or flank)
The ______ is the membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavity and some of the organs in this area.
peritoneum
The that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavity is called
parietal peritoneum
the layer that covers the abdominal organs is called the
visceral peritoneum
The _____ is a fold of the peritoneum that connect the stomach to the other visceral organs
omentum
The _____ is a saclike organ that aides in digestion of food
combining form?
stomach
gastr/o
_____ animals have one true glandular stomach
monogastric
_____ have one true glandular stomach and three forestomachs
ruminants
Parts of the stomach
entrance near esophagus
cardia
Parts of the stomach
cranial, rounded part
fundus
Parts of the stomach
main part
body
Parts of the stomach
caudal part
antrum
Parts of the stomach
narrow passage between stomach and duodenum
pylorus
Parts of the stomach
muscle ring that controls flow of material from stomach to small intestine
pyloric sphincter
Parts of the stomach
folds in the mucosa
rugae
_____ regurgitate and remasticate their food
ruminants
parts of the ruminant stomach
largest part that serves as a fermentation vat
rumen
parts of the ruminant stomach
most cranial portion
reticulum
parts of the ruminant stomach
third part that squeezes fluid out of the food bolus
omasum
parts of the ruminant stomach
fourth part that is the true glandular stomach
abomasum
____ extends form the pylorus to the large intestine
small intestine
small intestine is held in place by the _____
combining form?
mesentery
enter/o
what are the three segments of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
____ extends from the ileum to the anus
large intestine
what are the four segments of the large intestine
cecum
colon
rectum
anus
what are the accessory organs
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
salivary glands
____ is the process of breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can use
digestion
_____ is the processes involved in the body’s use of nutrients
metabolism
___ means the change or beyond
Meta-
___ is building up of body cells
Anabolism
____ is the breaking down of body cells
Catabolism
____ is the process of taking digested nutrients into the circulatory system
absorption
absorption is also called
assimilation
____ are tiny hairlike projections that help increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing more nutrients to be absorbed
combining form?
Villi
vill/i
the grasping of food is called
prehension
chewing food is called
mastication
what is it called when chewed food is moved into the pharynx and then into the esophagus
deglutition
____ is the series of wavelike contractions of smooth muscle
peristalsis
____ is the side-to-side mixing of ingesta
segmentation
