Week 7: Gender and Sexuality

Question 1

Social Roles Based on Sex and Gender

Answer 1

• Every culture has norms and expectations for how people of different genders should behave
• Natural human development allows for a spectrum of gender and sexuality
• The idea of 2 sex 2 gender

Question 2

Sex

Answer 2

biological and physiological differences

Question 3

Sexuality

Answer 3

romantic or physical attraction

Question 4

Gender

Answer 4

Internal experience of identity as male, female, both, or neither, and the expression of that identity

Question 5

Gendered Speech

Answer 5

• Language use is shaped by expectations of gender
• Forms of acceptable speech in English for different genders demonstrate sexism

Question 6

Gendered Occupations

Answer 6

• Some occupations are strictly gendered, even today
• Those in gendered occupations may face social stigma

Question 7

Gender ideology

Answer 7

• A system of thoughts, attitudes, and values that legitimize gender roles, statuses, and customary behaviour
• Advertising, toy stores, and clothing embed gender ideologies in Western societies
• Statuses and hierarchy

Question 8

Margaret Mead

Answer 8

Research along the Sepik River, PNG
A rapesh, Mundugumor, Tchambuli people

Question 9

Gender Inequality

Answer 9

• Gender stratification refers to the dominance of men and subordination of women (and other genders) in society, in dress, opportunities, social restrictions
• Male dominance is linked to control of (protein) resources
• Not all societies demonstrate gender inequality

Question 10

Gender and Status

Answer 10

• Anthropologists first became interested in this question with the rise of feminist thought in anthropology
• They sought to challenge the notion that women are “naturally” inferior to men

Question 11

Gender Stratification

Answer 11

The degree to which human groups allocate material and social rewards to individuals based on their gender

Question 12

Gender scripts, roles, and traits

Answer 12

• Refers to the ways that people are expected to speak, think, and behave according to the cultural or socially constructed genders of their group
• Includes comportment, jobs and tasks, responsibilities, and ideas about their “nature”
• Emotional, rational, moral, nurturing, strong, weak, active, and passive are some familiar traits in a two-sex, two-gender type gender system
• Stereotypical traits
• Linguistic, language you can speak, act, dress, ways of moving
• The way you carry yourself

Question 13

Sexual Identity

Answer 13

• Heterosexual
• Homosexual
• Bisexual/pansexual/polysexual, among others
  Permissiveness of a society may be based on ancient ecological factors or the imposition of colonial norms, including religion

Question 14

Masculine and Feminine

Answer 14

• Gender roles are the culturally appropriate roles of individuals in society; norms of behaviour
• Gender roles are not universal
• Gender roles can change over time
• Women were not allowed certain clothing
  Gender can change over time

Question 15

Gender Identity

Answer 15

• Gender identity is a person’s internal experience of their identity as male, female, both, or neither
• Gender expression is the external representation of one’s gender identity

Question 16

Cisgender

Answer 16

When a person’s gender identity matches their assigned sex at birth

Question 17

Transgender

Answer 17

When a person’s gender identity differs from their assigned sex at birth

Question 18

Two-spirit

Answer 18

Do not identify as a man or woman

Question 19

Hijras

Answer 19

• “Neither man nor woman”
• Said to be “born that way” but most likely some are anatomically male and some hijra have had surgery