Week 4: Food Chapter

Question 1

Food foragers

Answer 1

Seek their food among available resources in their environment
(Also called hunter-gatherers )

Question 2

Food producers

Answer 2

Transform the environment by farming and raising animals

Question 3

Food-getting

Answer 3

Strategies are flexible and show agency

Question 4

Food Producers: 4 types

Answer 4

Horticulturalists, Pastoralists, Intensive Agriculturalists, Industrialism

Question 5

Food Producers: Horticulturalists

Answer 5

Plant gardens for family use and work using simple hands tools.
- Foodways: Plant regionally appropriate crops with supplemental foraging
- Social organization: gendered division of labor, with roles different depending on the region
- Environment: small land plots; may use swidden cultivation
Ex// 3 Sustainable Businesses: Buying local, reducing waste, cultural, food security

Question 6

Food Producers: Pastoralists

Answer 6

Pastoralists herd animals and utilize their products extensively
- Foodways: animal husbandry, especially dairy products made from milk; may also forage, hunt, cultivate, or trade
- Social organization: nomadic with home base; men herd animals using horses and women and children remain at base camp; base camp may move frequently
- Environment: movement to grazing lands (transhumance)

Question 7

Food Producers: Intensive Agriculturalists

Answer 7

Intensive agriculture produces a surplus of food on small or large areas of land by constant labor and inputs; uses irradiation and more advanced technology
- Foodays: grains (rice, maize, wheat) and other crops to feed large population; animals domestication
- Social Organization fully settled population with a social hierarchy and centralized governing body
- Environment: Intensive cultivation of land with goal of maximizing production; draft animals used to till soil

Question 8

Food Producers: Industrialism

Answer 8

Industrial food production is highly mechanized and uses chemical soil inputs; it aims to produce a viable product at the lowest cost
- Foodways: massive fields are planted with a single crop; seeds and chemicals are controlled by a few companies
- Social organization: managers and unskilled workers; confined animal feeding operation (CAFOs); long distances from farm to fork
- Environment: pollution, oversaturation of manure, pesticide poisoning in workers

Question 9

Globalization of Food

Answer 9

• Globalization is the interaction of economic, social, political, and geographic processes and boundaries

Question 10

The Human Diet

Answer 10

Humans evolved as omnivores, eating mostly plant material and wild animals protein

Question 11

Distribution

Answer 11

• Examines how things get into the hands of people other than those who produce them
• Food and other resources are distributed, including items of cultural, religious, or symbolic worth
  Types of goods and services
• Reciprocity
• Redistribution
• Market exchange

Question 12

Reciprocity

Answer 12

Specialized sharing and exchange based on a set of social rules; creates bonds generalized

Question 13

Market economy

Answer 13

Laws of supply and demand set formal prices; foundation of capitalism in which things, services and ideas are a commodities