week 7 - cns Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS

A

all neurons or parts of neurons outside the CNS

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3
Q

what PNS comprise of ?

A

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controlling voluntary action via skeletal muscle

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

visceral functions such as heart rate and breathing

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6
Q

part of autonomic nervous system

A

enteric nervous system

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7
Q

enteric nervous sytem

A

digestion and movement of the gut. it gets input from spinal cord but it can also work independently

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8
Q

glia

A

cells in cns and pns, which support and protect neurons

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9
Q

white matter

A

myelinated axons running in bundles called tracts

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10
Q

ventricles

A

in cns, filled with cerebrospinal fluid; lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle

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11
Q

gray matter

A

nerve cell bodies, unmyelinated axons, denreites

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12
Q

tracts

A

myelinated axons running in bundles (CNS)

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13
Q

ganglia

A

PNS – clusters of neurons

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14
Q

nerves

A

PNS — bundles of axons

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15
Q

how much blood and glucose does the brain use

A

gets 15% of blood pumped by heart, consumes half of body’s glcose

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16
Q

how do neurons communicate with each other

A

sending action potential down their axons, it requires a lot of firing

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17
Q

what type of firing can energy supply to CNS support

A

low rate of firing; any at moment only 4% of all neurons are firing

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17
Q

segments in spinal cord

A

31 seegments, each with a pair of spinal nerves

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17
Q

roots in spinal nerve

A

dorsal and ventral

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18
Q

dorsal root

A

carries afferent (incoming, sensory signals)

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19
Q

What does dorsal root ganglion contain

A

cell bodies of the neurone carrying afferent signals

20
Q

ventral root

A

carries efferent (outgoing) signals from teh CNS to the body, including motor signals

21
Q

where is grey matter present in spinal cord

A

middle, H shape (with dorsal and ventral horn on both sides)

22
Q

where is white matter present in spinal cord

23
what nuclei does grey matter contain
sensory and motor nuclei
24
Sensory nuclei
in dorsal horn because sensory signals arrive on dorsal root. Somatic sensory nuclei get signals from skin and visceral sensory nuclei get signals from viscera.
25
efferent nuclei
they are ventral. autonomic efferent nuclei sends commands to glands and smooth muscles; somatic motor nuclei sends commansa to skeletal muscle.
26
Ascending tracts
carry sensory signals to the brain. they are mainly dorsal
27
descending tracts
carry signals from brain, mainly ventral
28
propriosinal tracts
stay in spinal cord
29
spinal reflex
cord responds to stimuli without consulting the brain
30
knee jerk reflex
physicians rubber hammer stretches a ligament below the knee cap, sensory fibers carry the news of this stretch to the dorsal horn. the fibres send branches to the brain but also excite neurons in the ventral horn that sen signals out to leg muscles to contract and counter the stretch.
31
function of brainstem
main control center for many autonomic functions and reflexes such as breathing, swallowing, vomiting and regulating blood pressure
32
6 major divisions of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, diancephalon, pons, medulla, midbrain
33
brainstem
medulla, pons, midbrain
34
what nerves arise from the brainstem
III-X and XII
35
diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus, pituiatry and pineal
36
thalamus
processes information going to and from the cerebral cortex
37
hypothalamus
regulates behavioral drives and endocrine and autonomic homeostasis
38
pituitary and pineal gland
secrete hormones
39
corpus collusum
connects 2 hemispheres of cerebrum, it is a large bundle of myelinated axons
40
basal ganglia
usually clusters of neurons in CNS are called nuclei, but here called gangla
41
what cerebral gray matter include
cortex, limbic system and basal ganglia (control movement)
42
cerebral lateralization
2 hemisphere's functions differ
43
Left hemisphere
speech, writing, language and math
43
4 lobes in hemispheres
frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
44
right hemisphere
analysis by touch and spatial analysis
45
cingulate gyrus
present in each cerebral hemisphere, part of the limbic system
46
limbic system
cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala
47
what is the limbic system concerned with
motivation, emotion and memory