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PSL300 > week 7 - cns > Flashcards

week 7 - cns Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS

A

all neurons or parts of neurons outside the CNS

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3
Q

what PNS comprise of ?

A

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controlling voluntary action via skeletal muscle

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

visceral functions such as heart rate and breathing

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6
Q

part of autonomic nervous system

A

enteric nervous system

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7
Q

enteric nervous sytem

A

digestion and movement of the gut. it gets input from spinal cord but it can also work independently

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8
Q

glia

A

cells in cns and pns, which support and protect neurons

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9
Q

white matter

A

myelinated axons running in bundles called tracts

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10
Q

ventricles

A

in cns, filled with cerebrospinal fluid; lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle

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11
Q

gray matter

A

nerve cell bodies, unmyelinated axons, denreites

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12
Q

tracts

A

myelinated axons running in bundles (CNS)

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13
Q

ganglia

A

PNS – clusters of neurons

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14
Q

nerves

A

PNS — bundles of axons

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15
Q

how much blood and glucose does the brain use

A

gets 15% of blood pumped by heart, consumes half of body’s glcose

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16
Q

how do neurons communicate with each other

A

sending action potential down their axons, it requires a lot of firing

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17
Q

what type of firing can energy supply to CNS support

A

low rate of firing; any at moment only 4% of all neurons are firing

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17
Q

segments in spinal cord

A

31 seegments, each with a pair of spinal nerves

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17
Q

roots in spinal nerve

A

dorsal and ventral

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18
Q

dorsal root

A

carries afferent (incoming, sensory signals)

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19
Q

What does dorsal root ganglion contain

A

cell bodies of the neurone carrying afferent signals

20
Q

ventral root

A

carries efferent (outgoing) signals from teh CNS to the body, including motor signals

21
Q

where is grey matter present in spinal cord

A

middle, H shape (with dorsal and ventral horn on both sides)

22
Q

where is white matter present in spinal cord

A

outer

23
Q

what nuclei does grey matter contain

A

sensory and motor nuclei

24
Q

Sensory nuclei

A

in dorsal horn because sensory signals arrive on dorsal root. Somatic sensory nuclei get signals from skin and visceral sensory nuclei get signals from viscera.

25
Q

efferent nuclei

A

they are ventral. autonomic efferent nuclei sends commands to glands and smooth muscles; somatic motor nuclei sends commansa to skeletal muscle.

26
Q

Ascending tracts

A

carry sensory signals to the brain. they are mainly dorsal

27
Q

descending tracts

A

carry signals from brain, mainly ventral

28
Q

propriosinal tracts

A

stay in spinal cord

29
Q

spinal reflex

A

cord responds to stimuli without consulting the brain

30
Q

knee jerk reflex

A

physicians rubber hammer stretches a ligament below the knee cap, sensory fibers carry the news of this stretch to the dorsal horn. the fibres send branches to the brain but also excite neurons in the ventral horn that sen signals out to leg muscles to contract and counter the stretch.

31
Q

function of brainstem

A

main control center for many autonomic functions and reflexes such as breathing, swallowing, vomiting and regulating blood pressure

32
Q

6 major divisions of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, diancephalon, pons, medulla, midbrain

33
Q

brainstem

A

medulla, pons, midbrain

34
Q

what nerves arise from the brainstem

A

III-X and XII

35
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituiatry and pineal

36
Q

thalamus

A

processes information going to and from the cerebral cortex

37
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates behavioral drives and endocrine and autonomic homeostasis

38
Q

pituitary and pineal gland

A

secrete hormones

39
Q

corpus collusum

A

connects 2 hemispheres of cerebrum, it is a large bundle of myelinated axons

40
Q

basal ganglia

A

usually clusters of neurons in CNS are called nuclei, but here called gangla

41
Q

what cerebral gray matter include

A

cortex, limbic system and basal ganglia (control movement)

42
Q

cerebral lateralization

A

2 hemisphere’s functions differ

43
Q

Left hemisphere

A

speech, writing, language and math

43
Q

4 lobes in hemispheres

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

44
Q

right hemisphere

A

analysis by touch and spatial analysis

45
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

present in each cerebral hemisphere, part of the limbic system

46
Q

limbic system

A

cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala

47
Q

what is the limbic system concerned with

A

motivation, emotion and memory

PSL300 (19 decks)

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