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PSL300 > Week 13 - ANS > Flashcards

Week 13 - ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What does ANS control

A

Internal organs, blood flow, smooth muscles of the eye, vescera, etc

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2
Q

2 subsystems of the ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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3
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight

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4
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest and digest

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5
Q

What does ANS work with

A

Works with endocrine and behavioural state sytems to maintain homeostasis

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6
Q

What all does ANS deal with

A

more than just fight or flight emergencies
exercise, emotion, effect if gravity, eating, etc

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7
Q

what can ANS be divided into

A

preganglionic and post ganglionis components

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8
Q

where are preganglionic neuron cell bodies located

A

CNA, either in brainstem or spincal cord

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9
Q

where do preganglionic axons project

A

ganglia (postganglionic neurons) located between the CNS and the target tissue

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10
Q

where do post ganglionic neurons project

A

target tissue

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11
Q

what do the general features of ANS help with

A

allows for divergence

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12
Q

what do both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons release

A

Ach onto nicotinic receptors

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13
Q

what do most postganglionic sympathetic neurons secrete

A

Norepinephrine on adrnergic receptors

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14
Q

what do most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons secrete

A

Acetylcholine onto muscarinic receptors

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15
Q

where do sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate

A

thoracolumbar spinal cord

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16
Q

how are sympathetic ganglia linked together

A

sympathetic chain

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17
Q

which sympathetic neurons are short and which are long

A

short preganglionic neurons to sympathetic chain
long post ganglionic neurons from chain to effector organs

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18
Q

where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate from

A

brainstem or sacral spinal cord

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19
Q

which parasympathetic neurons are short and which are long

A

long preganglionic neurons to ganglia near effector organ
short post ganglionic neurons from ganglia to effector oragsn

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20
Q

where do preganglionic sympathetic efferents come from

A

intermedio-lateral horn of thoracic cord
they synapse in chain of ganglia parallel to cord

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21
Q

what is the transmitter for symapthetic preganaglionic efferents

A

acetylcholine

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22
Q

what is postganglionic sypathetic efferents project to and what is their transmitter. exception???

A

postganglionic sympathetic efferent project to taget tissue, the transmitter is noradrenaline
exception: ACh is tramsitter at skin sweat glands

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23
Q

8 sympathetic activities

A
  1. fight or flight response
  2. prepare for emergency, stress, exercise
  3. increase heart rate, blood pressure
  4. mobilize energy stores
  5. pupillary dilation
  6. diffuse effect due to its widespread and interconnected innervations
  7. decreased gastrointestinal and urinal function
  8. releases epinephrine/adrenaline
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24
Q

adrenal medulla

A

specialized neuroendocrine tissue acting with the sympathetic nervous system
sometimes described as modified sympathetic ganglion

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25
how is epinephrine released from adrenal medulla
preganglionic sympathetic neuron synapses onto chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla and epinephrine is released
26
where do parasympathetic efferents originate
originate in several cranial motor nuclei (III, VII, IX, X) and intermediolateral part of sacral cord
27
what do parasympathetic efferents project to
ganglia embedded in target organ eg. sacral node of heart, enteric nervous system of gut
28
what is the transmitter of parasympathetic efferents ? exception?
Acetylcholine exception is NO (penile erection)
29
parasympathetic activities
1. quiet, relaxed states 2. active in rest and digest 3. increase gastrointestinal activities 4. decrease heart rate and blood pressure
30
duel innervation
tonic acitivty at rest, both branches active , both systems complementary rather than antagonistic
31
what dominated in duel innervations
parasympathetic nervous system
32
targets of autonomic neurons
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
33
neuroeffector junction
the synpase between the post ganglionic automic neurons with its target cells
34
varicosities
axon swelling, contains vesicles filed with neurotransmitters
35
what metaboluzes norepinephrine
monoamine oxidase
36
how is exocytosis at synpatic besicles triggered
Ap arrives at varicosity. depolarisation open the voltage gated Ca2+ channels, its entry triggers exocytosis of synpatic vesicles
37
what happens after synaptic vesicle exocytosis is triggered
Norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptor on target. Receptor activation ceases when NE diffuses away from the synapse. NE is removed from the synapse, it cna be taken back into synaptic vesicles for re-release.
38
whats used to produce functional reflexes
autonomic efferent networks
39
autonomic reflex - feedback loop
good examples of negative feedback loops overall goal is to maintain homeostatsis
40
where is pupillary light relfex organized
pretectal area of midbrian
41
what does pupillary light reflex use
On and OFF afferents to luminance and darkness detectors
42
what happens when its too bright
parasympathetic reflec via cranial nerve 3 to ciliary ganglion and circular iris muscles
43
what happens when its too dakr
sympathetic reflex via thoracic cors, sympathetic chain to radial muscles
44
what can fool the eye
brightness illusion pupils rapidly contrict when glancing at a brighter image and then rapidly readjust to true light intensity
45
where does barorelflex happen
cardiovascular centre ventrolaterla medulla, beside respiratory centre
46
what does the baroreflex include
NTS- nucleus of the solitary traact
47
what revieves information from baroreceptors and where does it send informations
NTS recieves information from baroreceptors and sends informations to ventrolateral medulla
48
when does blood pressure drop
claudal half inhibits rostral half
49
when does blood pressure and heart rate increase
when rostral half excited sypathetic efferents
50
what is the major influence for muscle sympathetic effects
noradrenergic vasoconstrictiion, tonically active to maintain. blood pressure.
51
what parts of autonomic control centre are fed by sensory information
hypothalamuc, pons and medulla
52
what does brainstem contain
control centers: cardiovascular center, and repiratory pattern generator in lateral medulla/pons It receives sesory input and relays output to muscles, glands, etc
53
PAG - Periaqueductal Gray
midbrain premotor centre for automic behaviour programs
54
where is peraqueductal gray found
midbrain heavy interaciton w hypothalamus
55
what does PAG act through
reticular formation and hypothalamuc
55
how does reticular activating system result in a global shift in CNS acitivty (metabotropic mech)
via diffuse modulatory system
56
how is PAG organized
longitudinal columns according to behaviour pattern eg. fight rage column projects to cardiovascular centre in medulla, and raphe which releases serotonin in the spinal cord>depolarizes all motor neurons, inhibits transmissions in dorsal horn
57
modulatory systems
cholinergenic, serotonergic, adrenergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic
58
cholinergic
determines level of attention, sleep-wake cycle, arousal, learning, memory through thalamuc, mainly ascending
59
serotonergic
lower nuclei: pain, locomotion upper nuclei: sleep-wake cycle, mood and meotional behaiours (agression and depression)
60
noradrenergic
attention, arousal, leanring, memory, anxiety, pin, mood
60
where do serotonergic neurons originate
raphe nuclei along brainstem midline
61
dopaminergic
reward centre
62
where do noadrenergic nerons originate
locus coreoulus of pons
63
where dopaminergic neurons originate
1. substantia nigra in midbrain 2. ventral tegmentum in midbrain
64
histaminergic
sleep wake control, support waking state
65
where do histaminergic neurons originate and project
originate in posterior thalamus project throughout forebrain and others

PSL300 (19 decks)

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