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Med Math / Pharm > week 7 ANS > Flashcards

week 7 ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Foxglove plant

A

makes digoxin

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2
Q

Marijuana schedule

A

1

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3
Q

Teratogenic med=

A

could cause harm to fetus (cross placenta blood barrier) most effects during 1st trimester

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4
Q

ASD Atrial Septum Defect

A

blood shunt from hole in septum in between atrium

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5
Q

4 components of pharmacokinetics

A

absorption, Distribution, metabolism, Excretion

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6
Q

Pharmacodynmaics=

A

What med does in body

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7
Q

Pharmacokinetics=

A

What body does to med

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8
Q

Medication affinity=

A

force of attraction between medication & a receptor

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9
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

Sympathetic receptors “adrenaline”

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10
Q

Chlorogenic receptors

A

Parasympathetic “C for Chill”

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11
Q

chronotropy=

A

Heart rate

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12
Q

dromotropy=

A

Heart’s Electrical impulse activity

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13
Q

Inotropy=

A

Ventricle squeeze strength

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14
Q

Neuron anatomy=

A

Soma, dendrites, axon, nucleus

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15
Q

Neuron Threshold:
Neuron Resting Potential:
Neuron Reversal of Charges:
Neuron Refractory period:

A

= -55mV
= -70mV
= +30mV
= goes more - than baseline before recovering

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16
Q

Neuron Depolarization:
Neuron Polarization:

A

=action up & -mV down
=going down & -mV up

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17
Q

Sodium effect on neuron:
Potassium effect on neuron:

A

:Depolarization
:Repolarization

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18
Q

BENZOs effect on neurons:

A

make cells more negative to slow down cells by binding to GABA sites

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19
Q

RAAS→ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system steps:

A
  1. reg/s cardiovascular system → make sure fluids there
  2. JG cells Juxtaglomerular granular cells= kidney cells
  3. kidneys send renin to liver angiotensin to form angiotensin 1
  4. angiotensin 1 flows around to heart to lungs for ACE to produce angiotensin 2 & aldosterone
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20
Q

RAAS→ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in short

A

Kidneys monitor blood pressure (Low pressure = more renin & vice versa) & Angiotensin 2 to vasoconstrict produced from lungs

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21
Q

ACE inhibitors
“-Pril”s

A

Hypertension meds
EX lisinopril

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22
Q

Sympathetic NS adrenergic receptors:

A

ACh binds to Nn receptor preganglionic fiber & NORepi for postganglionic (only exception for sweating has ACh post ganglionic)

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23
Q

Albuterol:

A

B agonist w/ preference for B2 receptors, // indications: bronchospasm, allergies, hyperkalemia// Contraindication: hypersensitive, anxiety, dizzy/HA,

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24
Q

Terbutaline (Brethine):

A

B selective agonist relaxation w/ high affinity, can give to asthma dependent and/or heart prob PT // asthma, emphysema, preterm labor, reversible airway, //contraindication: same as albuterol & no pedis

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25
Q

EPI 1:1000:

A

potent A & B agonist // indications: bronchospams, anaphylaxis

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26
Q

Atropine:

A

Parasympatholytic & selectively blocks Muscarinic receptors inhibiting the parasympathic NS // contra: allergy, EXTREME CAUTION USE W/ MIs & hypoxia→ increase O2 med, avoid hypothermic (82degrees)

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27
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent):

A

anticholinergic, selectively blocks Muscarinic receptors // ind: bronchospasm w/ obstructive lung diseases

28
Q

Alpha 2 inhibits

A

Release of NORepi

29
Q

parasympathetic cranial nerves:

A

3,7,9,10 cranium (10 prominent vagus nerve)

30
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine post & pre ganglion

31
Q

Lavine’s sign

A

clenching chest

32
Q

Muscarinic 3-(5) receptors found in

A

M1: CNS, GI, salv glands
M2: SA & AV nodes
M3: Smooth Muscles

33
Q

OD on parasympatholytic=

A

Anticholinergic Toxidrome→ “blind as a bat, Red as a beet, mad as a hatter”
Physostigmine medication .5mg/ml slow

34
Q

Over stimulation of parasympathetic NS=

A

SLUDGEM Atropine to revese

35
Q

Prototype=

A

medication that best demonstrates the class’s common properties & illustrates its particular characteristics.

36
Q

Analgesic:
Anesthetic:

A

=medications that relieve the sensation of pain
=med that relieves ALL SENSATIONS

37
Q

Endorphins:

A

= hormones that bind to opioid receptors aka natural painkillers

38
Q

Opiate receptors physiology

A

different receptor→ different effect

39
Q

Opiate receptor M1:
Opiate receptor M2:
Opiate receptor Kappa:
Opiate receptor Sigma:
Opiate receptor Epsilon:
Opiate receptor Delta:

A

=angelsia & euphoria
=respiratory & physical depression, miosis, less GI m-vt
= Analgesia, sedation, miosis, respiratory depression, dysphoria
=Psychotomimetic (i.e., hallucinations), dysphoria, possibly mydriasis
= Effects uncertain
=Analgesia, dysphoria, psychotomimetic effects (hallucinations), respiratory & vasomotor stimulation

40
Q

Common non-opioid angelistics= 3 types of non-opioid med/s w/ analgesic & antipyretic (fever-fighting) properties:

A

=salicylates= EX aspirin
=Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)=EX ibuprofen,
=Para-aminophenol derivatives= acetaminophen.

41
Q

Opioid agonist-antagonist=

A

have both agonistic & antagonistic properties. like opioids, decreases pain response, & antagonist b/c it has fewer respiratory depressant & addictive side effects

41
Q

Neuroleptanesthesia

A

type of anesthetic that combines with effect of w/ amnesia (useful in procedures that require PT calm & responsive )

42
Q

BENZOdiazepines:

A

frequently prescribed for oral use & are relatively safe & effective for treating general anxiety/insomnia

43
Q

Barbiturate

A

have broader general depressant activities & a higher potential for abuse, are used much less frequently than benzodiazepines.

44
Q

Both benzodiazepines & barbiturates effect on neuron:

A

hyperpolarize the membrane of CNS neurons, thus decreases response to stimuli.

45
Q

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)=

A

Chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

46
Q

GABA receptors location

A

dispersed through CNS on chloride ion channels in the cell membrane.

47
Q

GABA receptors job:

A
  1. When combines w/ the receptors the channel “opens”
  2. chloride diffuses & B/c is a anion (neg/ ion),makes inside of cell more negative than the outside.
  3. Thus hyperpolarizes membrane making more difficult to depolarize
  4. Depolarization therefore requires larger stim/ to cause cell to fire
48
Q

Benzodiazepines & Barbiturates

A

increase GABA receptor–chloride ion channel affinity

49
Q

Romazicon:

A

med that is competitive antagonist of Benzo’s

50
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) & Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A

=inhibit sodium influx decreasing cell’s ability to depolarize & propagate seizures.

51
Q

Benzodiazepines & Barbiturates:

A

interact w/ GABA receptor–chloride ion channel complex

52
Q

Valproic acid & Ethosuximide=Valproic acid & Ethosuximide=

A

inhibit influxation & interact w/ calcium channels in hypothalamus absence seizures typically begin.

53
Q

Partial seizure meds:

A

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Oxacarbazepine
Felbamate
Lacosamide
Lamotrigene
Levetiracetam

54
Q

Absent seizure meds:

A

Valproic acid
Ethosuximide

55
Q

General seizure meds:

A

Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Phenobarbital
Lamotrigene
Levetiracetam
Gabapentin

56
Q

Amphetamines High-dose pharmacodynamics=

A

Can increase concentration of dopamine in synaptic cleft & similar effect on NORepi neurons; it can induce release of NORepi into the synaptic cleft & inhibit the norepinephrine reuptake transport

57
Q

Methylxanthine pharmacodynamics=

A

unclear, but it seems to block adenosine receptors.

58
Q

Mental dysfunction A&P:

A

= inbalance of monoamine neurotransmitters in CNS being: norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

59
Q

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Muscle type location=
AMS type preganglion=
Anatomy L=
Agonist=
Antagonist=

A

=neuromuscular junction of skeletal (only) muscles
=parasympathetic ganglion
=Found on many neurons in the brain
=Nicotine is an agonist
=Curare is an antagonist

60
Q

Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Muscle type location=
AMS type preganglion=
Anatomy L=
Agonist=
Antagonist=

A

=neuromuscular junction of smooth & cardiac muscle
=sympathetic ganglion
=Found on glands
=Muscarine is an agonist
=Atropine is an antagonist

61
Q

2 basic types of indirect-acting cholinergic med/s:

Reversible inhibitors pharmacodynamics:
Irreversible inhibitors pharmacodynamics:

A

= reversible inhibitors and irreversible inhibitors. Both bind w/ cholinesterase (ChE), acting as a substitute for ACh thus prevent ChE from destroying ACh.
=bound w/ ChE longer than ACh but eventually release it.
=Release cholinesterase but bound so long considered irreversible.

62
Q

Atropa belladonna “nightshade” plant=

A

Creates atropine

63
Q

hormones released by adrenal medulla=

A

80% Epi & 20% NORepi

64
Q

Foxglove plant=

A

Digoxin

Med Math / Pharm (8 decks)

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