Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > week 7 anatomy - cardiovascular system > Flashcards

week 7 anatomy - cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

2 layers of the pericardium

A
  1. outer fibrous pericardium
  2. inner serous pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

outer fibrous layer

A

protects the heart and anchors it to its surroundings (diaphragm and sternum) and also attaches to blood vessels to and from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 2 layers of the inner serous pericardium

A
  1. parietal pericardium
  2. inner visceral pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

parietal pericardium

A

is fused to the fibrous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

inner visceral pericardium (epicardium)

A

is fused to the heart and is part of the heart wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

epicardium

A

the outermost layer of the heart wall - visceral pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

myocardium

A

the middle layer and is mostly cardiac muscle
- middle muscle layer
- majority of the heart
- responsible for pumping action
- striated and involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

endocardium

A

the inner layer known as the endothelium
- innermost
- smooth lining for chambers and valves
- continuous with blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of pattern does the myocardium have and why

A

a complex swirling pattern that allows the heart to pump blood more effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which is the thickets layer of the heart

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 functional properties of muscle

A
  1. excitability
  2. contractibility
  3. extensibility
  4. elasticity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

excitability

A

the ability to change the state (polarity) of their plasma membrane and creates ability to send electrical action potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

extensibility

A

the ability to stretch or extend and increases range of motion while limiting damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

contractibility

A

the ability of muscle to shorten, therefore, pull on its surroundings and creates the ability to pull on attachment points & create movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

elasticity

A

the ability to return back to the original length
and allows repeated contractions, can generate increased force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4 cardiac muscle functional properties

A
  1. conductivity
  2. automaticity
  3. rhythmicity
  4. synchronicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

conductivity

A

ability to conduct electrical impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

automaticity

A

ability to generate its own electrical impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

rhythmicity

A

ability to beat, rhythmically and without external stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

synchronicity

A

ability to beat together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

intercalated discs

A
  • areas of fusion between 2 cardiac muscle cells
  • rich in gap junction
  • important for conducting electrical activity throughout the heart
  • action potentials travel through gap junctions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 types of cardiac muscle cells

A
  1. myocardial contractile cells
  2. myocardial conducting cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

myocardial conducting cells

A

are specialized to initiate and propagate electrical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

myocardial contracting cells

A

are responsible for the strong, synchronized contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A
  1. left atrium
  2. right atrium
  3. left ventricle
  4. right ventricle
23
Q

characteristics of the heart

A
  • pear-shaped organ
  • about the size of a fist
  • R heart = pulmonary circuit
  • L heart = systematic circuit
24
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

O2 poor blood from the veins to the lungs

25
Q

systematic circuit

A

O2 rich blood from the lungs to tissues

25
Q

ventricles

A
  • lower chambers
  • thick muscular pumps
  • contract forcefully
25
Q

atria

A
  • upper receiving chambers
  • help fill ventricles
  • receive blood under low pressure
26
Q

right atrium

A

receiving chamber for returning blood from systematic circulation (O2 rich blood from the lungs to tissue)

27
Q

where does gas exchange occur

A

capillary beds of the lungs

28
Q

where does the superior vena cava drain

A

drains blood superior to diaphragm into right atrium

29
Q

where does the inferior vena cava drain

A

drains blood inferior to diaphragm into right atrium

30
Q

coronary sinus

A

drains most of the coronary veins into right atrium

31
Q

right ventricle

A

ejects blood through the pulmonary semi lunar valve and into the pulmonary trunk (carries deoxygenated blood to each lung)

31
Q

where does the right atrium (tricuspid valve) empty

A

it empties through the right atria-ventricular (tricuspid valve)

32
Q

where does the right ventricle receive blood from

A

the right atrium through the tricuspid valve

33
Q

left atrium (bicuspid or mitral valve)

A

receives a chamber of blood from the lungs (pulmonary veins)
- oxygen-rich blood flows through the mitral/bicuspid valve into the left ventricle

34
Q

left ventricle

A

the major pumping chamber for the systematic circuit
- ejects blood into the aorta through the aortic semilunar valve

35
Q

what are the 4 main valves of the heart

A
  1. tricuspid valve
  2. pulmonary valve
  3. mitral valve
  4. aortic valve
36
Q

where is the tricuspid valve located

A

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

37
Q

where is the pulmonary valve located

A

located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

38
Q

where is the mitral valve located

A

located between the left atrium and the left ventricle

39
Q

where is the aortic valve located

A

located between the left ventricle and the aorta

40
Q

which is the largest of the 4 heart valves

A

aortic valve and controls how blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the heart’s main artery the aorta

41
Q

TRUE or FALSE
- valves permit only one way flow

A

true

42
Q

what are valves made of

A

dense connective tissue and are covered by endocardium

43
Q

what direction do atrioventricular valves open

A

in the downwards direction into the ventricles however are then pushed closed (upwards) by ventricular pressure

44
Q

open AV valves

A

relaxed papillary muscles and slack chordae tendinae

45
Q

closed AV valves

A

papillary muscles contract making chordae tendinae
taught

46
Q

function of the chordae tendinae

A

maintain the position and tension of the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid valves) and maintain the one-way blood flow

47
Q

TRUE or FALSE
valves open and close in response to pressure changes in the heart

A

TRUE

48
Q

chordae tendinae (AV VALVES ONLY)

A
  • tendinous chords that attach flaps of valves to ventricle walls
  • connect each of the flaps to a papillary muscle
  • valves prevent back flow into atria during ventricular contraction
49
Q

2 types of semilunar valves

A
  1. pulmonary semiluna valves (R)
  2. aortic semilunar valve (L)
50
Q

where is the semilunar valves location

A

between the ventricles and major vessels

51
Q

interatrial septum

A

separates L & R atria

  • Pectinate muscles (musculi pectinate): parallel ridges in the walls of the
    atria
  • Resemblance to the teeth of a comb as in pecten
  • Behind the crest (crista terminalis) of the right atrium the internal surface
    is smooth
52
Q

interventricular septum

A

separates L & R ventricles

53
Q

ligamentum arteriosum

A

small ligament that is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus & is formed within three weeks after birth
- at the superior end, attaches to the aorta - at the final part of the aortic
arch (the isthmus of the aorta) or the first part of the descending aorta

54
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

columnae carneae, or “meaty ridges”
- rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right ventricle
- different from the pectinate muscles, which are present in the atria of the
heart

55
Q

pectinate muscles (muscle pectinate)

A

parallel ridges in the walls of the atria
- resemblance to the teeth of a comb as in pecten
- behind the crest (crest terminals) of the right atrium the internal surface is smooth

anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions