Week 7: Acid-Base Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of buffering systems?

A

Bicarbonate buffering system

Is used for metabolic acids in the blood and ISF

Phosphate buffering system

Is important within the ICF

Protein buffering system

Specifically, within ECF and ICF

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2
Q

What are the 3 renal mechanisms for its response to metabolic acids?

A

Reabsorption of HCO3-, generation of HCO3 and (generation of HCO3 and excretion of NH4)

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3
Q

Explain the renal mechanism of reabsorbing HCO3

A
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4
Q

Describe the renal mechanism of generating new HCO3

A
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5
Q

Describe the renal mechanism of generating new bicarb and exreting NH4

A
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6
Q

What is the normal range of bicarb that should be in the body?

A

Around 22 -26

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7
Q

What is the normal range of CO2 that should be in the body?

A

around 35-45

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8
Q

What is the formula for the anion gap with potassium and its normal range?

A

(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)

normal range you be 8-16

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9
Q

What is the formula for the anion gap without including potassium and its normal range?

A

Na - (Cl + HCO)

3 to 11

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10
Q

Fort the following:

pH: 7.64

PaCO2: 32

PaO2: 75

HCO3: 33

What type of ph disturbance is present?

is there compensation?

What is the acid base diagnosis?

A

Alkalosis

No, PaCO2 is in normal range

metabolic alkalosis

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11
Q

Fort the following:

pH: 7.31

PaCO2: 33

PaO2:

HCO3: 16

What type of ph disturbance is present?

is there compensation?

What is the acid base diagnosis?

A

acidosis

not really, maybe a little resp compensation

metabolic acidosis

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12
Q

Fort the following:

pH: 7.58

PaCO2: 49

PaO2:

HCO3: 44

What type of ph disturbance is present?

is there compensation?

What is the acid base diagnosis?

A

alkalosis

yes increase in Co2

metabolic alkalosis

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13
Q

A patient has respiratory acidosis, explain the mechanism used by the body to compensate for this acid base disturbance

A

3 mechanisms: Buffers (fast acting), renal mechanisms and respiratory mechanisms

The buffers which act in 1-3 seconds bind to H+ buffering the hydrogen ions.

The renal mechanisms increase reabsorption of Bicarbonate which binds to Hydrogen. There is also increase excretion of hydrogen

You would also hyperventilate to try and breath out as CO2

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14
Q

Patient has respiratory alkalosis. Explaint the mechanisms used by the body to compensate for it

A

Buffers: The buffers release bound H+ to increase free H+ to increase acidity

Renal: Decreases reabsorption of bicarbonate, increases excretion of bicarb, increases reabsorption of Hydrogen ions

Hypoventilate, breath less CO2 out

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