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Biological Perspectives Test 2 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Are depression and bi polar disorder genetic?

A

yes

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2
Q

what do we not fully understand about depression and bi polar disorder?

A

the biological etiology.

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3
Q

What was Bipolar 1 disorder formally known as?

A

Manic Depression

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4
Q

What is important to know about the treatment of bipolar disorders?

A

They are treatable, but often need multiple medications and often have residual symptoms.

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5
Q

What medications are controversial for treatment of bipolar depression?

A

antidepressants. They are NOT used for bipolar mania/hypomania.

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6
Q

What commonly co-occurs with Bipolar disorders?

A

SUD’s

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7
Q

What is the Gold Standard for treating Bipolar 1 disorder?

A

Lithium

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8
Q

What are some of the traits of lithium

A

anti-suicidal, requires blood monitoring to prevent toxicity, and has a narrow therapeutic window.

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9
Q

What other medications are often used for treatment of bipolar disorder?

A

anti-seizure & atypical antipsychotics

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10
Q

What do lithium, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics taken for bipolar disorder have in common?

A

their mechanisms of action are complicated and not fully understood.

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11
Q

What drugs of abuse can cause substance induced mood disorders?

A

All of them.

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12
Q

What can atypical antipsychotic meds be helpful with?

A

mania/hypomania, depression, agitation, psychosis and anxiety

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13
Q

Gabapentin (Neurotin) is used to treat bipolar disorder, T or F?

A

F - it can be used for anxiety and neuropathic pain

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14
Q

What are the main principles of the Monoamine Hypothesis?

A

Depression is caused by a dysregulation of one or more of the monoamines (norepinephrine NE, Serotonin 5-HT and Dopamine DA.

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15
Q

What evidence do we have to support the Monoamine hypothesis?

A

the fact that antidepressants typically increase or modulate these neurotransmitters.

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16
Q

For treatment of depression, what combination of treatment provides the best results?

A

therapy in combination with medication.

17
Q

Is ECT still used to treat depression?

A

yes, and it is still the most rapid, anti-manic and anti suicidal treatment available.

18
Q

What is a common consequence of use/withdrawal from mood altering substances?

A

depression

19
Q

What Antidepressants are more toxic?

A

TCA and MAOIs. MAOIs need a specific diet.

20
Q

What do most antidepressants impact?

A

the neurotransmitters, dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine.

21
Q

What are the most commonly used antidepressants?

A

SSRI’s & SNRIs

22
Q

What medication has less sexual side effects and can help with ADHD?

A

wellbutrin

23
Q

SSRI mechanism of action?

A

increase synaptic serotonin initially and then down regulate serotonin receptors in response to the increased serotonin.

24
Q

Common side effects of SSRI’s

A

sexual, insomnia/hypersomnia, increase/decrease in appetite, nausea, constipation/diarrhea, headache, restlessness, mania, anxiety, suicidality (+/-)

25
Q

TCA’s mechanism of action?

A

inhibits the reuptake pump for serotonin and/or norepinephrine.

26
Q

Side effects of TCA;s

A

Anticholinergic (constipation, dry mouth, blurry vision and sedation. Antihistamine (weight gain and sedation) Alpha-1 adrenergic antagonism (dizziness and orthostatic hypotension) low blood pressure.

27
Q

MAO-I mechanism of action?

A

Inhibit the enzyme, monoamine oxidase, that breaks down the catecholamines (norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin)

28
Q

Side effects of MOA-I

A

sedation or insomnia, confusion, orthostatic hypotension, edema, constipation, nausea, dry mouth, weight gain, restlessness, tremor and hypertensive crisis.

29
Q

SNRI mechanism of action?

A

inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake site.

30
Q

Side effects of SNRI

A

may elevate blood pressure, possible less sexual dysfunction,

Biological Perspectives Test 2 (4 decks)

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