Week 7 & 8 - Learning and feedback Flashcards
What is the definition of learning
Learning is the process for acquiring capability for producing skilled actions
What are the five methods of studying learning
Longitudinal (subjects act as own control)
Pretest (test series of motor skills)
Acquisition (Practice)
Retention (same as pretest but performed more than a day after practice)
Transfer
What are the floor and ceiling effects
Exists when performance can’t improve beyond a certain point
What is a retention test
To test a skill at least a day later to see if performance improves
What is transfer
Transfer is improvements in a skill that is not practiced as a result of practice on another skill
What are the two types of feedback
Inherent feedback - from own senses
Augmented feedback - from outside
- Knowledge of results and
knowledge of performance
What is the knowledge of results
Information about the outcome of a movement
What is the knowledge of performance
Information about how the movement was done, more research done on knowledge of results.
How often should feedback be given?
The less often feedback is given, the greater the retention.
What is bandwidth knowledge of results?
only giving feedback when performance is outside a boundary (way off the mark)
What does deliberate practice require?
Student motivation, task is understood and student receives immediate feedback and knowledge of results
What are the three constraints on practice?
Resource Constraint - money and time restriction
Effort Constraint - limit on how much a person can do
Motivational Constraint - students want to have to train
How is the stretch reflex used in equilibrium point theory
The descending signal sets an equilibrium length for the stretch reflex. The stretch reflex then acts to try and restore the limb to the correct position
What does the size principle describe?
The order of recruitment of motor units
What is the name of Merton’s (1953) theory which led to the equilibrium point theory?
Servo-hypothesis
