Week 7

Question 1

watery diarrhea w/ low stool osmotic gap

Answer 1

secretory diarrhea

Question 2

treatment for stable pt w/ Hb <7

Answer 2

packed RBCs

Question 3

first quantitative renal abnormality seen in pts w/ DM

Answer 3

thickening of the glomerular BM

Question 4

fever, jaundice, RUQ pain, inc direct bili + alk phos

Answer 4

acute cholangitis - see biliary dilation on imaging

Question 5

treatment for nonbleeding varices

Answer 5

nonselective beta blockers (nadolol, propranolol)

Question 6

systemic arteriolar calcification + soft-tissue calcium deposition w/ local ischemia + necrosis

Answer 6

calciphylaxis - can see hyperPTH, hyperphos, or hypercalcemia

Question 7

rash, headaches, renal abnormalities, low C3 levels

Answer 7

SLE

Question 8

oliguria, HTN + inc cr/BUN in early post-op following kidney transplant

Answer 8

renal transplant dysfunction - treat w/ anti-rejection therapy (including high-dose IV steroids)

Question 9

patients w/ cirrhosis should undergo screening ____

Answer 9

endoscopy (to exclude varices)

Question 10

nephrotic syndrome in AA adult, former IV drug user, or pt w/ obesity

Answer 10

FSGS

Question 11

young male w/ intermittent solid food dysphagia + refractory heartburn

Answer 11

eosinophilic esophagitis

Question 12

treatment for chronic pancreatitis

Answer 12

enzyme supplementation (lipase, etc) - treats deficiency + pain

Question 13

hTN w/ massive increases in transaminases w/ mild inc in bili/alk phos

Answer 13

ischemic hepatic injury

Question 14

inc BUN:Cr >20, AG met acidosis following administration of loop diuretics

Answer 14

AKI

Question 15

metabolic alkalosis w/ low urine chloride + volume contraction

Answer 15

vomiting

Question 16

common cause of refractory hypokalemia

Answer 16

hypomag - Mg acts on ROMK channels

Question 17

rapid treatment for hyperkalemia

Answer 17

• insulin w/ glucose

- beta agonists (caution w/ CV pts)

Question 18

about 30% of pts w/ clostridium septicum bacteremia have ___

Answer 18

colon cancer

Question 19

earliest renal abnormality in pts w/ DM

Answer 19

glomerular hyperfiltration

Question 20

dysphagia/retrosternal pain pcpt by emotional stress, relieved by nitroglycerin - workup?

Answer 20

esophageal spasm - manometry

Question 21

itchy middle-aged woman w/ elevated alk phos

Answer 21

PBC - check anti-mitochondrial Abs

Question 22

GGT and ferritin levels in alcoholic liver dz

Answer 22

elevated
GGT = liver enzyme
ferritin = acute phase reactant

Question 23

screening for diabetic nephropathy

Answer 23

random urine for microalbumin/creatinine ratio