Week 7 Flashcards by Tamsen Soto

What is a lipogram?

The radiographic evaluation of the small and large bowel that has been connected to the skin surface as a substitute for the urinary bladder with an ostomy

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*When a BE of an ostomy patient is performed, allow the patient to insert the __________

enema cone-tip into the stoma orifice

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In preparation for a BE of a colostomy patient, is it important to?

Irrigate the colostomy to thoroughly empty the bowel before the procedure
Understand the sensitivity of the patients to their condition and lifestyle change

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To allow tissue healing from a partial colon resection, an ___________ is created to allow for defecation

external stoma

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What is the post-procedural care for patients who have had a colon examination?

Drink plenty of fluids, and eat food high in fiber. Make the PT aware that there may be changes in stool color.

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For a possible bowel perforation, what type of contrast is used?

Gastrografin, water-soluble contrast

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For a single-contrast BE, spot images of the….

cecum, hepatic flexure, splenic flexure, and sigmoid are taken

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What relieves bowel spasms?

Glucagon

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What height do you suspend the enema bag for a single contrast BE exam?

No greater than 30 inches

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What diagnostic study is utilized to diagnose colitis?

Colonoscopy

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*In most radiology departments, barium studies of the colon employ carbon dioxide and barium as a ___________

double-contrast exam

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Be able to identify what is true regarding a virtual colonoscopy.

Minimally invasive
No sedation or referral typically
Super fast

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The sensitivity of what type of exam has surpassed the results of barium contrast colon studies?

Colonoscopy

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Be able to identify what is true regarding cleansing enemas.

Diabetic patients require special colon preparation procedures
Promote defecation reflex and discharge
Complete when bowel contents are clear and free of fecal matter
Hydrating patients is a significant concern for patients undergoing a cleansing enema

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After bedpan use, proper cleansing of the region requires….

using gloves and several folded tissues to wipe the region from the mons pubis to the anus

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Know what all is involved for a patient using a fracture bedpan (typically a patient who has undergone some type of joint surgery)

The fracture bedpan has a unique wedge-shaped design.
Allows patient to elevate hips only slightly for placement
Convenient handle for placement and removal
You and an assistant should assist the patient with movement onto the bedpan.
Provide privacy
Wear gloves and wash your hands

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What is a double-lumen NG tube? What all is included?

Have an NG tube in place with a syringe upright and pinned to the gown.

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When transporting a patient with an NG tube to medical imaging…?

Suction must be re-established in the radiology department if the patient is allowed to be disconnected for a short amount of time.
Be aware of double-lumen NG tube considerations when discontinuing suction.
Make sure the NG tube is secured to the patient’s nose.

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What does a physician do to confirm the proper placement of an NG tube?

Try pulling back the syringe of gastric fluid.
Perform X-ray fluoroscopy.

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The single-lumen Levin tube is ….

the most common type of NG tube for stomach decompression

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To facilitate the removal of an NG tube, the patient is encouraged to what?

Take a deep breath

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NG tubes are inserted through the patient ___ with the end of the tube placed in the _____?

Nasopharynx - stomach

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What position is the patient in when inserting an NG tube?

High (upright) Fowler’s

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Know what to do for portable radiography in the NICU

Hand washing (before and after each patient)
Wiping down the machine (before and after use)
Keeping multiple pieces of lead in the units and sterilizing after use
Covering the lead with a pillowcase or other protective covering
Assigning a piece of lead to each crib and cleaning after each use

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Hazardous drug-related waste materials require the ________ of needle containers and breakable items of hazardous waste.

labeling

When using a portable C-arm for surgical hip pinning, sterility will be maintained using a __________

“shower curtain” approach

In surgery with a C-arm, the image receptor and C-arm are draped with a _______for sterility.

Snap Cover

During a cardiac pacemaker procedure, technologists are responsible for ___________________

operating the fluoroscopy

When a Foley catheter system is inserted into a patient for an expected period of 4-6 weeks...

a polyvinyl chloride catheter is used

Handling a patient with a Foley catheter in place involves technologists doing what?

Avoid kinks in the tubing and keep the drainage bag lower than the bladder.

The purpose of the inflatable balloon portion at the tip of the Foley catheter is to?

Hold the catheter in the bladder.

Regarding chest tubes, the chest drainage system has 3 compartments, which are?

- The collection chamber collects fluid leaving the lung - The water Seal chamber prevents air from leaving - The suction control chamber regulates the amount of suction

If you notice that the Rad has contaminated their glove...

make them aware immediately

If 2 people are in sterile gowns, how do they pass each other?

Back to back

If the sterility of an object is unknown, what should be done?

Consider it unsterile and do not use it.

What is the first thing you should look at when you have a sterile package?

Make sure it's not expired.

What represents a good sterile technique?

Avoid bending and reaching over it.

When performing dressing changes, if the wound is purulent, _____ is recommended.

a gown

How do you put on a pair of sterile gloves using the self-gloving technique?

Open or Closed technique Closed you keep your hands inside the arms of the gown. Open you only touch the rolled back cuff of the gloves.

When gowning another person...

a non-sterile circulating person pulls up the gown and fastens the back and waistband

After gowning and gloving, what is considered sterile?

The sleeves and front of the gown down to the waist

If for some strange reason, you are going to assist in a sterile procedure, how long do you scrub your hands?

3 minutes (the sterile procedure is the catch)

When opening and pouring sterile solutions…..

- Move the sterile basin to the edge of the sterile field. - Show the name to another healthcare person for verification.

T/F: when opening a sterile tray, can your fingers touch the inside of the tray?

FALSE

Info regarding sterility: a sterile person may touch only what is sterile, a sterile field must be watched continually, and...

if a solution soaks through to a nonsterile field, the wet area must be re-draped

The inflatable balloon portion of the Foley catheter is typically filled with?

Air or Sterile water if air is not an option

T/F - When establishing a sterile field, the sterile drape must be clean and wet

False - clean and dry

The goal of the aseptic technique is to protect the patient from?

Infection and prevent the spread of pathogens and harmful microorganisms

What are procedures that require an aseptic technique?

Central Venous line Angio catheter Foley catheter

What are effective methods of sterilization?

1. Heat 2. UV 3. Chemical

A person who acts as a reservoir of pathogenic organisms is referred to as a carrier. An example....

of a carrier is a coworker who has demonstrated a cold for 2 weeks

MRSA requires...

contact precautions

What is the single greatest measure that can be done to prevent the spread of infection?

Wash hands correctly (20 seconds)

When you and a coworker do an X-ray on a patient with contact precautions:

place the cassette in a bag, remove jewelry, greet the patient professionally, and explain what you will do

What is true of Radiology Department biosafety?

Wash hands before and after an interventional procedure Wear gloves while handling an emesis basin with vomitus Use a resuscitation mask or bag during CPR

UTIs from Foley catheters are...

the most common nosocomial infections

What are two bloodborne pathogens that are of particular importance to hospital personnel?

HIV & hepatitis b

What is an iatrogenic infection?

Infection after medical or surgical management (Even if not hospitalized)

Nosocomial infections are what type of infections?

Infection acquired at the hospital

What does the chain of infection consist of? Host

An infectious microorganism A mode of transportation A reservoir

What is a fomite?

Object or material that carries/spreads infection (clothes, furniture, counter, food)

What is bactericidal?

Chemical substances capable of killing microorganisms.

Know the methods of sterilization

1. Heat 2. UV 3. Chemical 4. Steam under pressure (autoclave)

What is Droplet precaution and give examples?

Droplet prevention is when a patient has a disease (or is suspected to have it) that can be passed through respiratory droplets (when talking, coughing, or sneezing). Examples are measles and the flu.

What is a vector?

A carrier, especially an animal (usually an arthropod), transfers an infectious agent from one host to another.

How do you achieve medical asepsis (what is the most effective method)?

Hand washing (key is medical, not surgical asepsis)

A disease spread by kissing is being transmitted by what method?

direct contact

What are the steps of the infectious process?

Encounter Entry Spread Multiplication Damage Outcome

What are viral infections and give examples?

Viral infections are illnesses caused by viruses. Examples are the common cold, COVID-19, chickenpox, hepatitis, warts, and cold sores.

What can pathogenic organisms do?

cause infectious diseases Secrete endotoxins Cause cellular and tissue damage Replicate and cause blockage to the flow of fluids

Fungi, protozoa, and viruses are related

Define pathogenic

Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases

Characteristics of bacteria?

Prokaryotic, ubiquitous, single-celled organisms

Define an infection

Establishment and growth of a microorganism on/in a host resulting in injury to the host

Streptococci and bacilli are classified as what type of microorganisms?

Bacteria

Lyme disease is a condition caused by bacteria carried by deer ticks. The tick bite may cause fever, fatigue, etc. This is an example of transmission of an infection by?

Vector