Week 7

Question 1

ODD Prevalence rates

Answer 1

• Ranges from 1% to 11%
  
  • Average prevalence: 3-4%
  • More common in males before adolescence
  • Consistent across different races and ethnicities

Question 2

ODD severity ranges

Answer 2

• Mild: Symptoms occur in one setting (e.g., home, school, peers)
  
  • Moderate: Symptoms occur in two settings
  • Severe: Symptoms occur in three or more settings

Question 3

CD onset type -

Answer 3

○ Childhood-Onset: Before age 10
○ Adolescent-Onset: After age 10
○ Unspecified: Onset age unknown

Question 4

CD severity

Answer 4

○ Mild: Few conduct problems causing minimal harm (e.g., lying, truancy)
○ Moderate: Intermediate number and severity (e.g., vandalism)
○ Severe: Many conduct problems causing significant harm (e.g., physical cruelty)

Question 5

CD Prevalence rates

Answer 5

• 2% to 10%
  
  • More common in males

Question 6

CD vs ODD

Answer 6

• Both are marked by non-compliance
  
  • ODD is a significant risk factor for CD
  • CD is more severe
  • Childhood-onset (early starter) vs. adolescent-onset (late starter)

Question 7

Common course for antisocial behavior

Answer 7

1. Early hyperactivity and impulsivity (early childhood)
   
   2. Development of ODD (preschool age)
   3. Childhood-onset CD (elementary school age)
   4. Substance use (adolescence)
   5. Antisocial personality disorder (adulthood)

Question 8

Dispositional Risk factors for ODD and CD

Answer 8

○ Genetic influences
○ Emotional/temperamental factors
○ Cognitive distortions
○ Biological correlates
○ Stronger association with early onset

Question 9

Contextual risk factors for ODD and CD

Answer 9

○ Prenatal and early childhood factors
○ Family factors (e.g., dysfunctional parenting)
○ Neighborhood factors

Question 10

Familial factors for ODD and CD (strongest influence)

Answer 10

○ Lack of parental involvement
○ Poor monitoring and supervision
○ Low parental warmth
○ Failure to use positive reinforcement
○ High parental hostility
○ Harsh and inconsistent discipline

Question 11

IDEA definition of ED

Answer 11

According to IDEA, ED is defined by one or more of the following characteristics over a long period and to a marked degree, adversely affecting educational performance:
1. Inability to learn unrelated to intellectual, sensory, or health factors
2. Difficulty building or maintaining relationships
3. Inappropriate behavior or feelings
4. Pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression
5. Physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems
Exclusion: Social maladjustment is not included unless criteria for ED are also met.

Question 12

Treatment for CD in Schools

Answer 12

1. Ineffective Treatments
   ○ Removal from school
   ○ Therapy without functional interventions
   
   2. Promising Treatments
      ○ Parent training
      ○ Cognitive problem-solving skills training
      ○ Multi-systemic therapy
      ○ Best option in schools: Behavioral interventions