Week 7 Flashcards
Dative alternation
Ditransitive VPs contain two objects. The switch between these two is known as the ‘dative alternation’.
Germanic verbs vs. Latinate verbs (dative alternation)
Germanic verbs can alternate.
• Femi gave a book to Nadia.
• Femi gave Nadia a book.
Latinate verbs cannot.
• Omar donated a book to charity.
• Omar donated charity a book.
Prepositional verbs
Glance (to), appeal (to), apply (for), disapprove (of).
How do you show that verbs with objects are divided according to the amount of objects?
Intransitive: no object
Mono-transitive: one object
Di-transitive: two objects
Predicative complements
An element that follows a linking verbs and describes the subject. They can be adjectives, nouns or phrases.
• The flower looks beautiful.
• The weather seems pleasant today.
• She became a teacher.
How to distinguish between a NP direct object and a NP subject complement? And how to test the difference?
NP DO: Yasmin hired an idiot (DO).
NP SC: Yasmin seems an idiot (SC).
Passivisation test: a transitive verb can usually be passivised, but a complex-intransitive verb can never be.
• The idiot was hired by Yasmin.
• The idiot was seemed by Yasmin.
All types of verbs can be phrasal, provide examples.
Intransitive: the couple broke up.
Mono: the lorry ran down the lady’.
Prepositional mono: I will not put up with that.
Ditransitive: he handed the money over.
Complex-in: he turned out a cheat.
Complex-tr: they made him out a fool.
Syntactic category trees
Trees with information on the form of verbs, and complements and adjunct adverbials.
Functional trees
For all five verb types (object, subject component, etc.).
Lexical vs. auxiliary verbs
Step I: identify aux/lex verb
Step II: type aux verb
• Modal
• Progressive: ongoing
• Passive: subject acted upon (be + past participle)
• Perfect: completed action (have + past participle)
Step III: form of aux and lex
• Finite: tense, number, person
• Bare: base form without endings (do, be, have, sit, might have)
• Progressive participle: -ing
• Past participle: thrown, seen, been, ordered
Types of auxiliary verbs
• Modal
• Progressive: ongoing
• Passive: subject acted upon (be + past participle)
• Perfect: completed action (have + past participle)
Forms of auxiliary and lexical verbs
• Finite: tense, number, person
• Bare: base form without endings (do, be, have, sit, might have)
• Progressive participle: -ing
• Past participle: thrown, seen, been, ordered
