week 7 Flashcards
Cycle of a walkable society / street life:
Homes → street life ←→ Business ←→ homes
Transit connects to all these elements
Katie road
- Wide open
- Could get anywhere quickly
- By 1970s it was full of traffic
- 26 lanes wide
why did katie road Induced demand
Wider roads
Dispersed Need homes
Dispersed jobs
More traffic
Transport efficiency
Walkability
- Density and more people travelling in a given area
- Take up less space
Car-dependence
Transportation efficiency
- Low density and less people travelling in a given area
- Takes very few cars to create congestion
5 Technologies transformed cities forever - Invented 1880s(becss)
- Bicycle
- Electric street cars
- Cars
- Steel frame buildings
- Safety elevators
when did they make zoning legal
1909 - First meeting held for this issue
City planning and the problems of congestion
why was The level of poverty was also an issue in main citys
So many people were living in such cramped conditions to live in a place with high job opportunities and not spending money on transit
why Daniel turner criticised subways
- said there is going to be a cycle of congestion on both the subway and the streets
- Believed we need to spread the city out
when were the first suburbs created
Early 1920s
what did New York
inner - city zoning do (1916)
Separate classes from each other
Want industrial workers separate from consumers
Berkeley, First family zoning
Keep out low income people
In the early 1900s, what did most transportational professional specialise in
Trains, transit workers
What did planners hope transit would do for cities
Make it less dense
Made it become more dense
2 reasons why planners didn’t like density
They thought it created poverty
Racism
Congestion
2 ways subbers kept out poor people before zoning
Would set high unaffordable prices
Create reason ebay only
The first city to adopt single family zoning
Berkeley
what act did Herbert Hoover
create (PMA)
1928, created planning model act
- National conference on street and highway safety
what Authority did Herbert Hoover create
Created the model municipal traffic ordinance
-Federal housing Authority (FHA)
what did the Classification scheme do..
- Categorised whole neighbourhoods weather they think they would pay back their loans
- These places could not get any bank founding
These neighbourhoods went into decline
what were the FHA guidelines
They wanted roads that are more targeting toward driving VS walking
What reason did it lead to exclusionary zoning being widely adopted ?
Model planning act gave cities the tool that would implant zoning with legal approval and could not be called rasist
This classification scheme penalised which 2 things
Low income
Race
Canadian version of FHA
CMHC (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation)
They were not selling enough cars
- They need to convince the gov to build more road
- Most successful act of lobbying
where did the Erskine Bureau for Street traffic research occur
Harvard 1926
what did Erskine Bureau for Street traffic research at Harvard teach
- They had people who worked from the car industry to influence and teach new engineers to make cities for cars
- Created new experts
If there’s traffic wider roads - their ideas
Municipal Engineers → Civil Engineers
What is one reason auto sales slumped in 1920?
They called this the floor space problem.
2 fundamental principles established by the 1927 model municipal traffic ordinance
Pedestrians were pushed out of the street to allow more cars
Floor space, wider roads
Hoovers “conference” shifted authority over traffic from
Municipal Engineers → Civil Engineers
If downtown interests were so powerful in 1920 why didn’t they fight policies that undermined downtowns?
- They thought they needed parking and highway
- Misunderstood logic
