Week 2 Flashcards
What a hunter-gatherer
A member of a nomadic people who live chiefly by hunting, fishing, and harvesting wild food.
What is nomadic living
A nomad is someone who lives by traveling from place to place. Nomadic thus means anything that involves moving around a lot
What was the first ever city made
The city of Uruk
when was The city of Uruk found
4,100 BC
going from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to Uruk
- This was around 23,000 years ago
- we were within nomadic terrioty
- it was like a Basecamp (like a cave)
- **The first permanent settlement were next to a water way for both drinking water and fishing (you didn’t need to move at all) **
(ex Ohalo II)
Haida village (complex hunter gatherers)
what is a sedentary lifestyle
not moving around (opposite of nomadic)
What changes did a sedentary lifestyle have on society
- You can have/accumulate more things because you don’t need to move around
- Highacrey starts to form as human accumulate wealth
- Hierarchy also starts because there are many more people living together
- More organized territorial warfare (stealing from other communities)
- Slavery can start
Reason to come together
- Protection with large numbers
- To herd cattle
- To be near plaster and people building it
- Still likely an accumulation of kinship networks/clans and governed through them
are ALL hunter gathers nomadic
NO
what are examples of hunter gathers that are NOT nomadic
Ohallo II and Haida villages are examples if hunter-gatherers who live a sedentary lifestyle
5 key differences between “simple” and “complex” hunter-gatherers (WSBTH)
Bigger
specialisation
hierarchy
Wealth accumulation
Territorial warfare
how did we start growing food
- People in middle east domesticated crops roughly from 10,000 BCE to 6,000 BCE
- through unpurposeful farming
- would get the food they liked and bring it to their land
- they would puposly light there land on fire because it was good for growing food
what would they use large carved out stones for
- ceremonies/it was religious where other colonies could go
- they could pound the grain temporally for the ceremony (no need to worry if it goes bad)
3 reasons to think Gobekli tepe was not a large permanent settlement
- No access to water
- No stortage
- No farming
why is Catalhoyuk
important
first known city
when was Catalhoyuk
created
7500 BC to 6400 BC
how Catalhoyuks way of living unique
- They would go out there houses through there roof, making the top of the roof the area to socialise
- traded
- The beginning of domesticating cattle
- governed themselves through families/clans
- it doesn’t have a centralised power
Reason not to come together
You need to walk so far to get to field
what Hamoukar founded (another city)
- Found rounded rock that were designed to be pelted to kill people or take down walls
- First physical evinced if warfare they found in history (they found it acc on sight )
- 3,500 BC
whats food did South America
Domestication (PSSC)
Potatoes
Cassava
Sweets potatoes
Squash
whats food did North America
Domestication (CCAP)
Corn
Peppers
Avocado
Chocolate
what food did New Guinea
Domestication (BYTPW)
Banana
Yam
Taro
Pineapple
Watermelon
whats food did Europe
Domestication(TCB)
Turnup
Cabbage
Berries
whats food did China
Domestication (ROM)
Rice
Millet
Oranges
The negatives of becoming a farmer
Fammo pron to starving to death
If the crops fail you die
Higher risk of disease
Harder work
Why give up the good life for farming?
They enabled a much bigger population, which meant they would win in fights and take of territory easier
Farmers would create new diseases then become immune to them, so many hunter-gatherers would get sick
As they took over territories, this would force other hunter-gatherers to become farmers to
Which came first: Large settlements or agriculture?
Larger settlements that created the agriculture naturally without realising
Why did marshes lead to cities
- You needed to drain the marshes
They made connells around the cities
Creating dams
- They were so many people needed to build on this difficult land that population was needed and grown
They went there because there was not many spots to build
- They needed hierarchy (someone to codante the people to build larger scale never before made buildings )
The person to solve the problems creates the ability to become the leader and build even more
what is Ubaid known for?
- First people to have hierarchy
- Invented the pottery wheel
- Had larger buildings
Why is hierarchy important for big irrigation projects and cites
You need someone to plan and delegate projects to make the building happen
How is this different from Catalhoyuk
They didn’t have one hierarchy they had smaller made up clans
when was Uruk Height
- Height: 3100 BCE (became the biggest city in the world)
- 40,000 people lived in the citie
- Outside city was was 80-90,000 people
- Had strong hierarchy
what craft did they create
They created a form writing where they originally used it for trade
