Week 7 - 13 Flashcards
o Network of national, provincial, and territorial social programs designed to protect the most vulnerable members of Canadian society.
o Welfare, subsidized housing, employment insurance, food bank
o Ex.) Medicare – Provincial and territorial health insurance that provides access to medically necessary hospital and physician services to citizens and permanent residents.
o Medicare is Canada’s national health insurance system – uses taxes to finance medically necessary services.
o Free healthcare for all
Social Safety Net (Canadian Health Care Delivery System)
o Administers of Canada Health Act (1984) principles (CHA)
o Ensures provinces comply with Canada Health Act
o Assists in financing of health care services
o Delivers health services for first nations and Inuit people, veterans, federal inmates, and RCMP
o Provides national policy and programming to promote health
The Federal Government
o Develop and administer their own health care insurance plans
o Manage, finance, and plan insurable health care services and delivery, in alignment with CHA’s 5 principles
o Determine amount of money dedicated to health care services
Provincial and Territorial Government
Canada Health Act 1984 (5 Key Principles)
o Public Administration (Emergency)
♣ Operated on a non-profit basis by government
o Comprehensiveness
♣ Cover all medically-necessary hospital and physician services
o Universality
♣ Every permanent resident is entitled
o Portability
♣ Coverage is maintained within and outside of Canada
o Accessibility (Copeman) ♣ Everyone must have reasonable access to services (Additional charges for insured services are not permitted)
o Medicare is sustainable and must be preserved because it represents Canadians’ core values
o Emphasized modernizing the Canada Health Act through appropriate funding and the following changes:
♣ Build information technology infrastructure
♣ Improve access (ex. In remote areas)
♣ Offer catastrophic drug coverage
♣ Strengthen and expand home care
Influential Health Care Reports
THE ROMANOW COMMISSION 2002
o Medicare system is not sustainable and advocated for stronger private sector involvement
♣ Granting more responsibility to regional health authorities for contracting out the delivery of publicly insured health services
♣ Offering a health care guarantee to Canadians (ex. Time limits for wait times, if exceeded, the government pays for care provided elsewhere)
Influential Health Care Reports
THE KIRBY REPORT 2002
DAL - Seniors’ Options (3)
o Home Care (Private home) - Services offered to maintain safety and independence in one’s own home
o Supportive Living (Extendicare Fairmont) - Home like setting with personal and health care support, No RN on-site
o Long-term Care (St. Michael’s Health Centre) - Hospital-like model to meet complex healthcare needs, 24hr RN support
Supportive Living (SL3)
o 24hr personal care support o Stable medical condition o Self or one-person transfer o Mild dementia: No risk of wandering o Ex.) Alberta Rose Lodge, Blue-sky Lodge, Garden View Lodge
Supportive Living (SL4)
o 24hr personal care support by LPN’s and HCA’s
o Complex but stable medical condition
o Mechanical/2-person transfers
o May have dementia, minimal risk for elopement
o Ex.) Fairmont Extendicare, St. Therese Villa
Supportive Living (SL4-Dementia)
o Same as SL4 except for unpredictable behaviours:
♣ Risk for elopement
♣ Risk for self and others
♣ Lack of awareness of personal space of others
o Ex.) Dementia units, Fairmont Extendicare
o Complex health needs
o Complex medication management
o Complex nutritional intake requirements
o Unstable behaviour that places client or others at risk
o 24hr RN support under the direction of a family physician
o Requires unscheduled assessments
o May have any stage of dementia
Long-term Care
o 1._______ = (Complex but stable medical conditions
o 24hr service by LPN and HCA’s
o 24hr RN on-call service)
o
o 2._______ = (Complex, unpredictable medical needs
o 24hr on-site RN services
o Unstable behaviour that places client or others at risk )
- Supportive Living
2. Long-term Care
o Philosophy and model for improving health
o Foundation of Canada’s health care system
o Strong emphasis on the principles of health promotion and disease prevention
o Emphasize the determinants of health
o Sensible approach (cost-effective)
Primary Health Care
Pillars of Primary Health Care (4)
o Teams
♣ Team-based care with full range of services (Physician, RN, dietician, OT, PT, etc.)
♣ Ex.) Copeman healthcare, WISH clinic
o Access
♣ Ex.) Street nursing
♣ Grocery purchase help at Edmonton day-support program for Seniors
o Information
♣ Ex.) 24/7 RN telephone advice that offer alternatives to emergency department visits.
o Healthy Living
♣ Ex.) Nurse-led heart health clinic in Quebec that focuses on prevention and early treatment for women
Levels of Healthcare (5)
o Level 1: Health Promotion
o Enabling people to increase control over or improve their health
o Ex.) Anti-smoking education in schools, addressing public policies
o Level 2: Disease and Injury Prevention
o Prevention services/strategies
o Reduce risk factors for illness and injury
o 3 Levels of Prevention
o Level 3: Diagnosis and Treatment
o Recognizing and managing symptoms
o Primary care (first contact with health care system)
o Secondary care (provision of specialized medical service)
o Tertiary care (high technical care)
o Level 4: Rehabilitation
o Required after physical/mental illness, injury, or addiction
o Services include: physiotherapy, occupational and speech therapy
o Restoration of health to previous level of function
o Level 5: Supportive Care
o Clients with chronic illness, progressive illness, or disability
o Long-term care and assisted-living facilities, adult day care centers, home care
3 Levels of Prevention
♣ Primary
• Activities that protect against a disease before signs and symptoms occur
• Ex.) hand hygiene, immunization, reducing air pollutants, reduction of trans-fatty acid in diet
♣ Secondary
• Activities that promote early detection (screening) of disease, so that prompt treatment can be initiated
• Ex.) If you are diabetic – have your eyes checked regularly.
♣ Tertiary
• Activities that minimize residual disability from disease and help the client live productively
• Ex.) Loss eyesight, now preventing kidneys from failing.
o KEY (Keep Educating Yourself) o Training you to be a generalist, not specialist
Life-Long Learning
o “The process in which individuals take on the responsibility for their own learning process by diagnosing their personal learning needs, setting goals, identifying resources, implementing strategies, and evaluating the outcomes.”
o Take initiative to find resources and solutions.
Self-Directed Learning
Adults learn differently from children by…
o Children have more concrete thoughts – if they complete the task then you get a candy.
o Adults have more life experiences to help guide them.
o Adults would like to be respected.
Define Andragogy and Pedagogy
o Andragogy = is the art and science of helping adults learn, focuses on the learner and their needs.
o Pedagogy = is the art and science of teaching children, has the teacher in the central power role.
