Week 1-6 Flashcards
o Meaning Whole of Body
o A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity (WHO, 1947)
o UPDATED DEFINITION: The extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and cope with the environment. Seen as a resource for everyday life.
Health - outcome #1, health and wellness
Define disease and illness
o Disease - An objective state of ill health, the pathology of which can be detected by medical science.
o Illness - A subjective experience of loss of health
Define health and wellness
o Health - An objective process characterized by functional stability
o Wellness - A subjective experience
o Physical/Developmental = vitality, energy
o Social = connectedness, “community”
o Mental/Emotional = meaning, purpose
o Spiritual
Dimensions of Health
List 12 determinants of health
o 1. Income and Social status o 2. Social Support Networks o 3. Education o 4. Employment and Working Conditions o 5. Physical Environments o 6. Biology and Genetic Endowment o 7. Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills o 8. Healthy Child Development o 9. Health Services o 10. Gender o 11. Culture o 12. Social Environments
o Dominated Western thinking in 20th century
o People believed scientific medicine could solve most health problems
PROBLEM: Less emphasis given to health promotion and disease prevention
Medical Approach
o Lalonde Report (1974) shifted emphasis from a medical to a behavioural approach to health
♣ Advocated for reduction in self-imposed risks
♣ Increased public health programs
o Based on the assumption that if people know the risk factors for disease they will engage in healthy behaviours
o PROBLEM: Lifestyle was assumed to be within an individual’s control.
Behaviour Approach
o Health is tied to the social structure (unhealthy social environments)
o Led to Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) which identified prerequisites for health (income, education, peace, shelter, equity, etc.)
5 MAJOR STRATEGIES
Socio-Environmental Approach
List 5 Major Strategies of Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (Socio-Enivironmental Approach)
- Building healthy public policy
- Creating supportive environments
- Strengthening community action
- Developing personal skills
- Reorienting health services
What are the 3 main health challenges identified from the EPP report?
o Reducing inequities
o Increasing prevention
o Enhancing coping mechanisms
o Emphasized society’s responsibility for providing supports
o Ottawa Charter focuses on social justice, equity, and empowerment (developing personal skills to solve one’s own problem)
o Both reflect a socio-environmental approach to health
EPP Report
______-_______ ________ among HCP have been implicated as a cause of most client errors.
Nurse-physician communication
_______ = Also known as horizontal violence and horizontal hostility – terms that describe physical, verbal, emotional abuse or aggression directed at coworkers at the same organizational level (nurse to nurse aggression)
Lateral Violence
______ = An abusive intimidating treatment of someone who is in a vulnerable position or position with less power. Ex) nursing supervisor to staff nurse
Bullying
Cognitive Rehearsal
o Hold information in your mind
o Try not to react, allow time to process the info
o Learn to respond differently by practicing
o Use cue card
