Week 1-6 Flashcards
o Meaning Whole of Body
o A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity (WHO, 1947)
o UPDATED DEFINITION: The extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and cope with the environment. Seen as a resource for everyday life.
Health - outcome #1, health and wellness
Define disease and illness
o Disease - An objective state of ill health, the pathology of which can be detected by medical science.
o Illness - A subjective experience of loss of health
Define health and wellness
o Health - An objective process characterized by functional stability
o Wellness - A subjective experience
o Physical/Developmental = vitality, energy
o Social = connectedness, “community”
o Mental/Emotional = meaning, purpose
o Spiritual
Dimensions of Health
List 12 determinants of health
o 1. Income and Social status o 2. Social Support Networks o 3. Education o 4. Employment and Working Conditions o 5. Physical Environments o 6. Biology and Genetic Endowment o 7. Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills o 8. Healthy Child Development o 9. Health Services o 10. Gender o 11. Culture o 12. Social Environments
o Dominated Western thinking in 20th century
o People believed scientific medicine could solve most health problems
PROBLEM: Less emphasis given to health promotion and disease prevention
Medical Approach
o Lalonde Report (1974) shifted emphasis from a medical to a behavioural approach to health
♣ Advocated for reduction in self-imposed risks
♣ Increased public health programs
o Based on the assumption that if people know the risk factors for disease they will engage in healthy behaviours
o PROBLEM: Lifestyle was assumed to be within an individual’s control.
Behaviour Approach
o Health is tied to the social structure (unhealthy social environments)
o Led to Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) which identified prerequisites for health (income, education, peace, shelter, equity, etc.)
5 MAJOR STRATEGIES
Socio-Environmental Approach
List 5 Major Strategies of Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (Socio-Enivironmental Approach)
- Building healthy public policy
- Creating supportive environments
- Strengthening community action
- Developing personal skills
- Reorienting health services
What are the 3 main health challenges identified from the EPP report?
o Reducing inequities
o Increasing prevention
o Enhancing coping mechanisms
o Emphasized society’s responsibility for providing supports
o Ottawa Charter focuses on social justice, equity, and empowerment (developing personal skills to solve one’s own problem)
o Both reflect a socio-environmental approach to health
EPP Report
______-_______ ________ among HCP have been implicated as a cause of most client errors.
Nurse-physician communication
_______ = Also known as horizontal violence and horizontal hostility – terms that describe physical, verbal, emotional abuse or aggression directed at coworkers at the same organizational level (nurse to nurse aggression)
Lateral Violence
______ = An abusive intimidating treatment of someone who is in a vulnerable position or position with less power. Ex) nursing supervisor to staff nurse
Bullying
Cognitive Rehearsal
o Hold information in your mind
o Try not to react, allow time to process the info
o Learn to respond differently by practicing
o Use cue card
Nursing is… (defintion)
o Encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Includes promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people.
o caring, an art, science, client-centered, holistic, helping profession, concerned with health promotion/maintenance/restoration
(Characteristics)
o Committed to public service
o Requires specialized knowledge
o Contains practical and theoretical components
o Motivated by altruism and ethical standards
Nurse
Patient vs Client
o Patient = to suffer/bear,
o Client = take responsibility with their own health and work in collaboration
Scope of Nursing (4)
o Promoting Health and Wellness
o Preventing Illness
o Restoring Health
o Caring for the Dying
Roles/Functions
Consultant, educator, coordinator, counsellor, researcher, health promoter, manager, leader, clinician, advocate
NOTE: Roles may be concurrent
