Week 7

Question 1

What is a gender role?

Answer 1

Behavior and interest that in a specific culture and time period are perceived as more male or female

Question 2

What is a gender identity?

Answer 2

Subjective feeling to belong to a gender

Question 3

What does a cisgender person experience?

Answer 3

Sex and gender being the same

Question 4

What does a transgender person experience?

Answer 4

Sex and gender do not match

Question 5

What is gender dysphoria?

Answer 5

Incongruence between sex and gender is experienced and has to induce significant distress

Question 6

Is gender dysphoria included in the DSM-5?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What are important gender changes in the DSM-5?

Answer 7

• Sex and gender are not binary anymore
• Not a sexual disorder anymore
• Not positioned at the sexual dysfunctions categories anymore
• Stricter criteria for diagnoses in children

Question 8

Treatment for transitioning in three steps?

Answer 8

1. Diagnostics and advice
2. Hormonal and social transition phase, including real life testing (social)
3. Surgical phase

Question 9

What are the three main categories in sexual deviantion?

Answer 9

1. Just bizarre / unusual
2. Legal but potentially dangerous
3. Illegal

Question 10

What are examples of sexual deviation in the ‘bizarre’ category?

Answer 10

Foot, hair or rubber fetish, urophylia, BDSM, partialism

Question 11

What are examples of sexual deviation in the ‘legal but potentially dangerous’ category?

Answer 11

Voyeurism, extreme BDSM, pedophilia

Question 12

What are examples of sexual deviation in the ‘illegal’ category?

Answer 12

Pedophilia in combination with child abuse, zoophilia, necrophilia, exhibitionism

Question 13

What is paraphilia?

Answer 13

Sexual arousal to atypical objects, individuals, situations, behaviors, fantasies. Or: anything other than a consenting human partner

Question 14

What is a fetish?

Answer 14

Provides an artificial kind of intimacy for the paraphilic person.

Question 15

What is the amulet meaning of a fetish?

Answer 15

Object to scare the ghosts away

Question 16

How is the amulet meaning of fetish used to explain sexual deviance in psychological theories?

Answer 16

It is used as a coping mechanism to deal with complexity. Sometimes the fetish object is used between two people to avoid too much intimacy. Individuals with autism spectrum symptoms have more paraphilic interests than average.

Question 17

What are the three DSM-5 symptoms for pedophilic paraphilic disorder?

Answer 17

1. Subjective experience of sexually arousing fantasies or urges involving sexual activity (masturbation) with prepubescent children (under 13) –> not a disorder, only interest
2. Individual has acted on the urges OR the urges cause significant distress
3. Individual is at least 16 years old and at least 5 years older than the victim

Question 18

What is a possible explanation for non-pedophilic individuals watching child porn?

Answer 18

Emotional transference / attribution of arousal

Question 19

What do psychological theories say about sexual deviantion?

Answer 19

Individuals develop sexually deviant interests because of emotional / communicational / social problems

Question 20

What does the lovemap theory say about sexual deviation?

Answer 20

Once you enter adolescence, your lovemap is uncovered, but also fixed (black box)

Question 21

When growing up in an unsafe environment (violence, arguments, neglect) it is more likely the individual develops sexual deviant interests. True or false?

Answer 21

True