Week 7 Flashcards
What is a gender role?
Behavior and interest that in a specific culture and time period are perceived as more male or female
What is a gender identity?
Subjective feeling to belong to a gender
What does a cisgender person experience?
Sex and gender being the same
What does a transgender person experience?
Sex and gender do not match
What is gender dysphoria?
Incongruence between sex and gender is experienced and has to induce significant distress
Is gender dysphoria included in the DSM-5?
Yes
What are important gender changes in the DSM-5?
- Sex and gender are not binary anymore
- Not a sexual disorder anymore
- Not positioned at the sexual dysfunctions categories anymore
- Stricter criteria for diagnoses in children
Treatment for transitioning in three steps?
- Diagnostics and advice
- Hormonal and social transition phase, including real life testing (social)
- Surgical phase
What are the three main categories in sexual deviantion?
- Just bizarre / unusual
- Legal but potentially dangerous
- Illegal
What are examples of sexual deviation in the ‘bizarre’ category?
Foot, hair or rubber fetish, urophylia, BDSM, partialism
What are examples of sexual deviation in the ‘legal but potentially dangerous’ category?
Voyeurism, extreme BDSM, pedophilia
What are examples of sexual deviation in the ‘illegal’ category?
Pedophilia in combination with child abuse, zoophilia, necrophilia, exhibitionism
What is paraphilia?
Sexual arousal to atypical objects, individuals, situations, behaviors, fantasies. Or: anything other than a consenting human partner
What is a fetish?
Provides an artificial kind of intimacy for the paraphilic person.
What is the amulet meaning of a fetish?
Object to scare the ghosts away
How is the amulet meaning of fetish used to explain sexual deviance in psychological theories?
It is used as a coping mechanism to deal with complexity. Sometimes the fetish object is used between two people to avoid too much intimacy. Individuals with autism spectrum symptoms have more paraphilic interests than average.
What are the three DSM-5 symptoms for pedophilic paraphilic disorder?
- Subjective experience of sexually arousing fantasies or urges involving sexual activity (masturbation) with prepubescent children (under 13) –> not a disorder, only interest
- Individual has acted on the urges OR the urges cause significant distress
- Individual is at least 16 years old and at least 5 years older than the victim
What is a possible explanation for non-pedophilic individuals watching child porn?
Emotional transference / attribution of arousal
What do psychological theories say about sexual deviantion?
Individuals develop sexually deviant interests because of emotional / communicational / social problems
What does the lovemap theory say about sexual deviation?
Once you enter adolescence, your lovemap is uncovered, but also fixed (black box)
When growing up in an unsafe environment (violence, arguments, neglect) it is more likely the individual develops sexual deviant interests. True or false?
True
