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Sexology > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three stages of sex and which biological processes are involved in each stage?

A
  1. Desire (hormones & neurotransmitters)
  2. Excitement & arousal (circulation)
  3. Orgasm (nerves & neurotransmitters)
    The brain is involved in all three stages
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2
Q

When does puberty start biologically?

A

When the hypothalamus starts to secrete GnRH, which causes the pituitary to release LH and FSH.
In men: LH and FSH stimulate the testes to produce sperm and secrete testosterone (androgens).
In women: LH and FSH stimulate the ovaries to produce estradiol (estrogens).

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3
Q

What are the erection enemies?

A

Obesity, smoking, alcohol, drugs, stress

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4
Q

What are non-religous and non-medical reasons for female genital cutting/mutilation?

A

Cleanliness, beauty, sexual morality, femininity

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5
Q

What are risks of female genital cutting/mutilation?

A

Problems with urination, infections, childbirth, risk of newborn deaths, cysts (blaasjes)

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6
Q

What are three forms of female genital cutting?

A

Clitoridectomy, excision, infibulation

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7
Q

What does the paraventricular nucleus (part of the hypothalamus) produce? (6)

A
  • Noradrenaline
  • Cortisol
  • Oxytocin
  • Serotonin
  • Dopamine
  • Testosterone
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8
Q

What are inhibitory factors?

A
  • Prolactin
  • Serotonin
  • Opioids
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9
Q

What are excitatory factors?

A
  • Testosterone
  • Estrogen
  • Dopamine
  • Progesterone
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10
Q

What happens after a male orgasm?

A

Prolactin production which is inhibitory –> erection calms down

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11
Q

When is the parasympathetic system involved in male in sex?

A

Erection and everything before orgasm

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12
Q

When is the sympathetic system involved in male in sex?

A

Orgasm

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13
Q

What is a cause of having a micropenis?

A

Lack of androgen in early age (prepuberty)

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14
Q

What part is responsible for the blood stream during an erection?

A

Pudental artery

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15
Q

What are characteristics of the corpus spongiosum?

A

Surrounds the urethra; is never really hard. Mostly inside of the penis

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16
Q

Why can the corpus cavernosum get hard?

A

Because they’re filled with blood.

17
Q

From what age does it get harder to get an erection? (need to touch and work)

A

40-50

18
Q

What is the difference between a psychogenic erection and a reflexogenic erection?

A

Psychogenic: (sensory/visual/auditory) stimuli or fantasy triggers the cortex which creates an erection
Reflexogenic: direct genital stimulation results in reflex erection

19
Q

What type of reflexogenic erection can happen during REM-sleep?

A

Nocturnal erection

20
Q

How can we use nocturnal erections to examine if someone has problems with the physical body or psychogenic part?

A

If someone still has nocturnal erections, the system works and it has to be a problem with psychogenic erection

21
Q

What are the mechanics of getting an erection?

A

Erotic stimuli (start release neurotransmitters) –> neural initiation (parasympathic) –> to genitals via spinal cord –> relaxation of muscles –> erection

22
Q

How does the penis stay firm enough for intercourse?

A

More blood will fill up the penis than that will flow out. It keeps blood

23
Q

What six things is the pelvic floor involved in?

A
  1. Support bladder and uterus
  2. Closing mechanism anus and urethra
  3. Birth process in women
  4. Mobility and stability
  5. Sexual arousal and enjoyment
  6. Emotion
24
Q

Which muscles facilitate and maintain an erection?

A

Ischiocavernous muscle facilitates, bulbocavernous muscle maintains, by enhancing the blood flow

25
Q

What are six conditions for a healthy sexual development?

A
  1. Matching sex and gender
  2. Warm pedagogical climate
  3. Positive examples of relational behavior
  4. Positive messages concerning sexuality and the own body
  5. Possibility to age-specific consensual sexual behavior
  6. Skin contact
25
Q

What are more functions of the ischiocavernous and the bulbocavernous muscle?

A

Inhibiting ejaculation by relaxation

26
Q

What does the vulva involve?

A

Labia minora, labia majora, clitoris, mons pubis

27
Q

What is hymen?

A

Vaginal opening

28
Q

When can the labia majora get longer?

A

After giving birth

29
Q

Why do women in Uganda try to prolong the labia majora?

A

It gives the woman more pleasure during sex

30
Q

What four factors describe the importance of testosterone and estrogen?

A
  • Development fetus
  • Secondary sex characteristics
  • Fertility
  • Sexual desire and arousal
31
Q

What is the Turner Syndrome?

A

Only one X-chromosome.
- Very few or no eggs
- Will not develop secondary sex characteristics
- Less or not fertile
- Small general length

32
Q

What is the Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)?

A

46 XY chromosomes.
- Male hormones
- Male gonads (geslachtsklieren)
- Female external genitals

33
Q

What is the Adrogenital syndrome (AGS)?

A

46 XX chromosomes.
- Looks like a boy at birth because of defect enzyme

Sexology (8 decks)

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