Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three stages of sex and which biological processes are involved in each stage?

A
  1. Desire (hormones & neurotransmitters)
  2. Excitement & arousal (circulation)
  3. Orgasm (nerves & neurotransmitters)
    The brain is involved in all three stages
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2
Q

When does puberty start biologically?

A

When the hypothalamus starts to secrete GnRH, which causes the pituitary to release LH and FSH.
In men: LH and FSH stimulate the testes to produce sperm and secrete testosterone (androgens).
In women: LH and FSH stimulate the ovaries to produce estradiol (estrogens).

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3
Q

What are the erection enemies?

A

Obesity, smoking, alcohol, drugs, stress

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4
Q

What are non-religous and non-medical reasons for female genital cutting/mutilation?

A

Cleanliness, beauty, sexual morality, femininity

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5
Q

What are risks of female genital cutting/mutilation?

A

Problems with urination, infections, childbirth, risk of newborn deaths, cysts (blaasjes)

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6
Q

What are three forms of female genital cutting?

A

Clitoridectomy, excision, infibulation

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7
Q

What does the paraventricular nucleus (part of the hypothalamus) produce? (6)

A
  • Noradrenaline
  • Cortisol
  • Oxytocin
  • Serotonin
  • Dopamine
  • Testosterone
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8
Q

What are inhibitory factors?

A
  • Prolactin
  • Serotonin
  • Opioids
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9
Q

What are excitatory factors?

A
  • Testosterone
  • Estrogen
  • Dopamine
  • Progesterone
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10
Q

What happens after a male orgasm?

A

Prolactin production which is inhibitory –> erection calms down

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11
Q

When is the parasympathetic system involved in male in sex?

A

Erection and everything before orgasm

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12
Q

When is the sympathetic system involved in male in sex?

A

Orgasm

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13
Q

What is a cause of having a micropenis?

A

Lack of androgen in early age (prepuberty)

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14
Q

What part is responsible for the blood stream during an erection?

A

Pudental artery

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15
Q

What are characteristics of the corpus spongiosum?

A

Surrounds the urethra; is never really hard. Mostly inside of the penis

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16
Q

Why can the corpus cavernosum get hard?

A

Because they’re filled with blood.

17
Q

From what age does it get harder to get an erection? (need to touch and work)

18
Q

What is the difference between a psychogenic erection and a reflexogenic erection?

A

Psychogenic: (sensory/visual/auditory) stimuli or fantasy triggers the cortex which creates an erection
Reflexogenic: direct genital stimulation results in reflex erection

19
Q

What type of reflexogenic erection can happen during REM-sleep?

A

Nocturnal erection

20
Q

How can we use nocturnal erections to examine if someone has problems with the physical body or psychogenic part?

A

If someone still has nocturnal erections, the system works and it has to be a problem with psychogenic erection

21
Q

What are the mechanics of getting an erection?

A

Erotic stimuli (start release neurotransmitters) –> neural initiation (parasympathic) –> to genitals via spinal cord –> relaxation of muscles –> erection

22
Q

How does the penis stay firm enough for intercourse?

A

More blood will fill up the penis than that will flow out. It keeps blood

23
Q

What six things is the pelvic floor involved in?

A
  1. Support bladder and uterus
  2. Closing mechanism anus and urethra
  3. Birth process in women
  4. Mobility and stability
  5. Sexual arousal and enjoyment
  6. Emotion
24
Q

Which muscles facilitate and maintain an erection?

A

Ischiocavernous muscle facilitates, bulbocavernous muscle maintains, by enhancing the blood flow

25
What are six conditions for a healthy sexual development?
1. Matching sex and gender 2. Warm pedagogical climate 3. Positive examples of relational behavior 4. Positive messages concerning sexuality and the own body 5. Possibility to age-specific consensual sexual behavior 6. Skin contact
25
What are more functions of the ischiocavernous and the bulbocavernous muscle?
Inhibiting ejaculation by relaxation
26
What does the vulva involve?
Labia minora, labia majora, clitoris, mons pubis
27
What is hymen?
Vaginal opening
28
When can the labia majora get longer?
After giving birth
29
Why do women in Uganda try to prolong the labia majora?
It gives the woman more pleasure during sex
30
What four factors describe the importance of testosterone and estrogen?
- Development fetus - Secondary sex characteristics - Fertility - Sexual desire and arousal
31
What is the Turner Syndrome?
Only one X-chromosome. - Very few or no eggs - Will not develop secondary sex characteristics - Less or not fertile - Small general length
32
What is the Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)?
46 XY chromosomes. - Male hormones - Male gonads (geslachtsklieren) - Female external genitals
33
What is the Adrogenital syndrome (AGS)?
46 XX chromosomes. - Looks like a boy at birth because of defect enzyme