Week 6: Vocab Flashcards
Anaphase
In meiosis: stage in the first round of cell division when paired chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles
Chromatid
One of two copies of the DNA and proteins that make up a replicated chromosome
Diploid
A cell with with two complete cells of chromosomes
Endomembrane system
a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins
Meiosis
A special type of cell division that produces eggs or sperm
Prophase
In meiosis: the stage in the first round of cell division when the chromosomes become shorter and thicker and line up with their homologues
Cell
The most basic unit of life
Embryogenesis
The development of cells into embryos and bodies that are able to perform the tasks necessary for life
Gamete
Sex cell
Metaphase
In meiosis: stage in the first round of cell division when paired chromosomes line up single file, down the middle of the cell
Telophase
In meiosis: stage in the first round of cell division when the cell divides in two
Cell theory
The realization that all living organisms are made up of cells
First proposed by Schleiden and Schwann
Conjoined Twins
Identical twins whose bodies are physically attached at some location
Embryonic stem cells
These stem cells come from embryos that are 3 to 5 days old. At this stage, an embryo is called a blastocyst and has about 150 cells.
These are pluripotent stem cells, meaning they can divide into more stem cells or can become any type of cell in the body.
Haploid
A cell with just one set of chromosomes
Mitosis
A type of cell division where all chromosomes in a cell are copied or replicated and each new cell receives genetic information identical to the parent cell
Zygote
One celled embryo produced as a result of fertilization
Differentiation
The change from cells that have unlimited potential to cells that are specialized
Embryo
The earliest stage of development
Homolouge
One in a pair of chromosomes
Organelle
A specialized structure in eukaryotic cells
