Week 6 - Vector Borne Diseases Flashcards
1
Q
VBD Transmission
A
Pathogen carrying vector bites human or other animal
2
Q
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus EEEV
A
- Passed between mosquito & birds
- Transmitted through mosquito vectors
3
Q
Lyme Disease
A
- Infectious disease cause by borrelia burgdorferi
- Transmitted through tick bite
- Ticks become infected by feeding on infected wild animals
- Infected tick needs to be attached to host for 24+h to infect
4
Q
Lyme Disease Incubation
A
- Early S/S begin 3-30 days after tick bite
- If left untreated severe symptoms can last months to years
5
Q
West Nile Virus
A
- Mosquito feeds on blood of infected bird
- 2 weeks later mosquito can pass virus to animals/humans thought bite
6
Q
West Nile Early Incubation
A
- Symptoms 2-15 days after infection
- Mild cases recover in a week
- 70-80% no symptoms
7
Q
Malaria
A
- Life threatening disease spread to humans by mosquitos
- Preventable & curable
- Infection does not spread from person to person
8
Q
Malaria Risk Populations
A
- Infants
- Children under 5
- Pregnant women
- Travellers
- HIV & AIDS
9
Q
Malaria Severe S/S
A
- Tiredness & fatigue
- Impaired LOC
- Multiple convulsions
- Difficulty breathing
- Dark/bloody urine
- Jaundice
- Abnormal bleeding
10
Q
Malaria Prevention
A
- Avoid mosquito bites
- Repellents
- Protective clothing
- Window screens/nets
11
Q
Chemoprophylaxis
A
- Start before trip departure
- Continued 4 weeks after last possible exposure to infection
12
Q
Preventive Chemotherapies
A
- Complement ongoing malaria control activities
- Use of medicines to prevent malaria infections & consequences
-Given to vulnerable populations during times of greatest risk for malaria
13
Q
Malaria Treatment
A
- Always requires treatment with meds
- Multiple meds
- Mostly oral
14
Q
Elimination
A
Interruption of local transmission of specific malaria parasite species within area
15
Q
Surveillance
A
- Continuous collection, analysis, interpretation of malaria related data
- Used to evolve public health practice
- Helps determine areas most impacted
- Design effective health interventions
16
Q
Neglected Tropical Diseases
A
- Diverse group of tropical infections
- Common in low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, Americas
17
Q
Ascariasis
A
- Ingestion of eggs
- Small intestine infection
18
Q
Dracunculiasis
A
- Ingestion of water containing copepods infected with larval stage
- Subcutaneous tissue infection
19
Q
Hookworm
A
- Skin penetration by soil-dwelling infective larvae
- Upper part of small intestine infected
20
Q
Lymphatic Filariasis
A
- Skin penetration by infected larvae at site of mosquito vector bite
- Lymphatic vessel infection
21
Q
Onchocerciasis
A
- Injection of infected larvae in saliva of biting, parasitized female blackfly
- Subcutaneous tissue infection
22
Q
Schistosomiasis
A
- Penetration of skin by cercariae that have emerged from water-dwelling
- Snail intermediate hosts
- Perivesical venous plexus/mesenteric veins infection
23
Q
Trichuriasis
A
- Ingestion of eggs
- Large intestine infected
24
Q
Chagas Disease
A
- Inoculation by hosts fingers into conjunctival sac/site of bite following excretion of mature parasite in faeces of biting triatomine bug
- Intracellular tissues throughout body infected
25
Q
Human African Trypanosomiasis
A
- Injected by parasitized fly
- Blood, lymph, CSF infection
26
Q
Leishmaniasis
A
- Injected by parasitized sandfly
- CL skin
- VL disseminate disease
27
Q
Leprosy
A
Skin & nerve infection
28
Q
Trachoma
A
- Mechanical transfer of elementary bodies by flies, fomites, fingers
- Conjunctiva infection
