Week 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Immune System Purpose
A
Protect body against constant attack of pathogenic microorganisms/pathogens
2
Q
Endemic Disease
A
- Disease is always present in a population within a region
- Expected levels
3
Q
Epidemic
A
- Rapid increase in cases in a population within a region
- Higher than expected
4
Q
Outbreak
A
Epidemic on much smaller scale (hospital floor, school)
5
Q
Pandemic
A
Widespread epidemic over several regions/countries
6
Q
Reservoir
A
Habitat organism lives, grows, multiplies
7
Q
Modes of Transmission
A
- Physical contact
- Vehicle - intermediate object
- Airborne - dust/droplet
- Vector - animal/insect
8
Q
Portal of Exit
A
- Tends to be same as portal of entry
- Leave host in materials body secretes/excretes
9
Q
Portal of Entry
A
- Enters susceptible host
- Access to tissues where pathogen can multiply
10
Q
Host Susceptibility
A
Depends on immunity, genetic factors
11
Q
Opportunities to Break Chain of Infection
A
- Infectious agent eliminated, inactivated, cannot survive in reservoir
- Portal of exit managed through infection prevention & control
- Transmission does not occur due to good infection prevention & control
- Portal of entry is protected
- Reducing susceptibility of patients receiving healthcare
12
Q
Disease Definition
A
- Morbid process
- Does not necessarily involve infection
13
Q
Virulence
A
Ability of organism to cause infectious disease
14
Q
Virulence Differences
A
- Some agents are very contagious but not very virulent
- Other agents are very virulent but not very contagious
- Very contagious & very virulent = worrisome
15
Q
Virulence Factors
A
- Flagella
- Pili
- Capsules
- Exotoxins
- Endotoxins
16
Q
Flagella
A
- Protein filaments
- Extend like long tails from cell membrane
- Helps bacteria move around
17
Q
Pili
A
- Short straight filaments
- Rising out of bacteria cell wall
- Allowing to bind/grab hold of cells & infect
18
Q
Capsules
A
- Protective layer to protect cell membrane of pathogens
- Macrophages/neutrophils can’t phagocytosis
19
Q
Endospores
A
Heat/cold resistant
20
Q
Biofilms
A
Impermeable bunker to host antibody reactions
21
Q
Exotoxins
A
- Proteins released by bacteria
- Cause disease manifestations
- Grouped based on what body system impacted
21
Q
Endotoxins
A
- Gram neg bacteria
- Cause host effects, fever etc.
22
Q
Host Susceptibility Factors
A
- Immune system
- Age
- Nutrition
- Genetic defects
- Medications - chemo
