Week 6: TRADITIONAL ANTIHISTAMINES VS. NON-SEDATING ANTIHISTAMINES: 10 q Flashcards
Histamine Drug effects
Cardiovascular
Immune
Smooth Muscles
Pharmacology of Traditional Antihistamines
What can it be used for?
*Nasal allergies
*hay fever
*Urticaria (hives)
*Motion sickness
*Parkinson’s disease (d/t anti-cholinergic effects)
*Vertigo
*Sleep disorders
*Symptoms r/t to the common cold
Traditional Antihistamines
Dont give if patients have what?8
*Narrow-angle glaucoma
*Cardiac disease,
*Hypertension
*Kidney disease
*BPH
*Peptic ulcer disease
*Seizure disorders
*Pregnancy (Category B)
Traditional Antihistamines use cautiously…
Not to be used how?
NOT to be used as the sole drug therapy during an acute asthma attack!!!!
*Impaired liver fxn
*Renal insufficiency
*Lactating mothers
*Neonates
*Elderly (65+)
*Lower respiratory tract symptoms (bc wont be able to cough it up)
Traditional antihistamine
diphenhydramine
Don’t give with what?
why?
Increases?
alcohol
MAOIs
CNS depressants
Mechanism: additive effects
Result: increases CNS depression
Traditional histamine
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
what is it used for?
Used to relief or prevention of histamine-related allergies
motion sickness
tx of Parkinson’s disease
promotion of sleep
management of anaphylaxis (alongside epinephrine)
Traditional Antihistamines nursing considerations
What to recommend if client experience dry mouth?
What if they are coming in for allergy testing?
Chew or suck on sugar free candy or OTC throat lozenges, or to chew sugar free gum!!!!!**
Antihistamines need to be stopped at least 4 days before testing, but only with a provider Rx and as directed
Non-sedating/2nd
Generation
(less side effects)
Difference between old and new histamines?
Less side effects
less CNS/neuro effects)
Do not cross the BBB
taken once
Longer duration of action (daily;
better adherence)
Non-Sedating Antihistamines
Used for?
Nasal allergies
Seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
Urticaria (hives)
Non-Sedating Antihistamines
What’s not recommended for children under 2?
What’s not recommended for people with renal impairment?
Dont give with what?
Loratadine: not recommended for children < 2
Fexofenadine: not recommended for those w/ renal impairment; do not give w grapefruit juice (CYP450 inhibitors)
Non-Sedating Antihistamines
Adverse effects?
Cetirizine adverse effect?
Adverse Effects
Dry mouth, GI upset
Cetirizine:
dizziness
drowsiness (w/ PO doses > 10 mg/day)
fatigue
Drug Profile- loratadine (claritin)
Given when?
Used for?
Non-sedating; daily dosing (at night)
nasal allergies,
seasonal allergies
Hives (Hives)
Stop 4 days before testing
