Week 5: Parasympathetic Division: 10 q Flashcards
Autonomic division control
Generally works how?
Generally: Opposition (two divisions compete)
Sympathetic
E activities
Mydriasis?
Exercise
Excitement
Emergency
Embarrassment
blood flow to organs is reduced, flow to muscles is increased
Its activity is illustrated by a person who is threatened
◦Heart rate increases, and breathing is rapid and deep
The skin is cold and sweaty, and the pupils dilate
Mydriasis- “Wide Eyed with Fright”
Parasympathetic
D activities
digestion
defecation
diuresis
Concerned with keeping energy use low in the body
Its activity is illustrated in a person who relaxes after a meal
◦Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rates are low
◦Gastrointestinal tract activity is high
◦The skin is warm, and the pupils are constricted
◦Miosis
What key controls Parasympathetic/Cholinergic Division?
Acetylcholine (ACh)(KEY)
What key controls
Sympathetic /Adrenergic Division?
Other sympathetic neurotransmitters?
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Adrenaline (KEY)= Adrenergic Division. (LOCK)
Other sympathetic neurotransmitters are norepinephrine and Dopamine
Cholinergic Receptors
Parasympathetic Division Receptors
Nicotinic Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) control what?
These receptors are essential for SKELETAL MUSCLE control (skeletal, diaphragm)
Cholinergic Receptors
Parasympathetic Division Receptors
Muscarinic control what?
These receptors are essential for SMOOTH MUSCLE control and work on various organs
Examples of smooth muscle include Lung bronchioles, GI Tract, and Bladder
CHOLINERGIC CRISIS:
SLUDGE (M) and the Killer B’s
MUSCARINIC RESPONSE
Salivation/Secretions (mouth, GI tract, lungs)
Lacrimation (tear production)
Urination (voiding)
Defecation/Diarrhea
GI Motility and Gastric Acid production, can lead to abdominal cramping
Emesis (vomiting)
Miosis (pinpoint pupils, constrict)
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Bronchorrhea
blood pressure drop
Nicotinic receptors will cause what?
Nicotinic receptors will cause paralysis and patients cannot use their diaphragm muscles to breathe (need breathing support)
Parasympathic list of drugs to know
Direct acting?
Indirect acting?
Direct Acting: Bethanechol, Pilocarpine
Indirect Acting: Pyridostigmine
parasympathetics activity is illustrated in a person who relaxes after a meal
3 things
Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rates are?
Gastrointestinal tract activity?
The skin is and the pupils are?
Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rates are low
Gastrointestinal tract activity is high
The skin is warm and the pupils are constricted (miosis)
Parasympathetic drugs
Direct Acting Agents work where? agonists at?
Indirect Acting Agents work where?
Work DIRECTLY at a RECEPTOR
Produce effects that mimic Acetylcholine (ACh)
Are typically agonists at MUSCARINIC receptors
Do NOT work at RECEPTORs
Instead, they inhibit acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
Direct Acting- cholinergic agents
BETHanechol
used to treat?
NOTE: Most cholinergic drugs target?
(beth cant go to the bathroom)
Urinary retention
The goal is to reverse the retention and allow someone to void!
**GI TRACT
**BLADDER
◦Eyes
◦Heart (smaller percentage)
Bethanechol
Mechanism of action
BOTH DRUG AND KEY WILL BIND TO? FOCUSE ON?
Directly stimulate the parasympathetic division (muscarinic receptors) mainly located in the BLADDER
BOTH DRUG AND KEY WILL BIND TO SAME RECEPTOR (MUSCARINIC)
focused on the BLADDER
Bethanechol adverse affects
contraindication?
Exacerbation of asthma = contra-indication
In the Rest and Digest state- the (airways are narrow) lungs are constricted
This drug enhances PARAsympathetic- Decreased BP or HR
