OLD material Flashcards
General Antibiotic Principles (4 key rules)
1) ALLERGIC REACTIONS
2) SUPER/SUPRA INFECTION (kill good and bad bacteria)
3) ALWAYS FINISH THE ENTIRE THERAPY
4) ANTIBIOTICS CAN INTERACT WITH LOTS OF DRUGS
(oral contraceptives and warfarin)
Name 4 BETA-LACTAMS
PCCM
Penicillins- “Cillin”
Cephalosporins- “Cef”, “Ceph”
Carbapenems- “penem”
Monobactams- Aztreonam
Glycopeptide: Vancomycin
Gram what?
Kills what? and what route?
Gram + only
Kills MRSA (IV only)
Kills C.diff (PO only)
Glycopeptide: Vancomycin
ADVERSE EFFECTS- the Big Three!
How many grams per hour through IV?
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Histamine release/flushing syndrome
(“Red Man Syndrome”)
1 GRAM PER HOUR
Tetracyclines:
Doxycycline, Minocycline, Demeclocycline
Used to treat?
How to take it?
Acne- topical and oral preparations
Lyme Disease
Chlamydia
Rocky mountain fever
Anthrax
Sit upright with a glass of water
Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Demeclocycline
side effects?
Binds to what?
avoid taking when?
Binds to calcium- bones, teeth, drugs
TOOTH DISCOLORATION
PHOTOSENSITIVITY
GI irritation
Hepatotoxicity with larger dose
AVOID bedtime and calcium
Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Demeclocyline
DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS
calcium, iron, magnesium, aluminum products
Take on empty stomach (full glass of water)
Oral Contraceptives and Warfarin
Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Demeclocyline
CONTRA-INDICATIONS/ AVOID IN?
Pregnant Women
Nursing Women
Children < 8 years old
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Neomycin
used for what bacteria?
Pseudomonas (serious gram negative infections)
Neomycin can be used topically for skin, eye, ear infections
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Neomycin
ADVERSE EFFECTS
causes what?
do not mix with what?
OTOTOXICITY
NEPHROTOXICITY
DO NOT MIX WITH PENICILLIN IN SAME SYRINGE
check trough levels
Fluoroquinolones
Levofloxacin (Levaquin®) IV, PO
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro®)- IV, PO, otic, ophthalmic
Used to treat?
UTIs-E.Coli
Anthrax
Pneumonia
Fluoroquinolones
Levofloxacin- IV, PO
Ciprofloxacin- IV, PO, otic, ophthalmic
Adverse effects????
take how?
TENDON RUPTURE
Photosensitivity
Binds to Cations like Calcium
TAKE WITH FOOD NO CALCIUM
PrEP
Prevent HIV infection
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
Highly effective at preventing HIV
PEP
Must be what?
PEP is taken when?
Post-exposure prophylaxis
Taken within 72 hours of exposure to HIV
Must be HIV negative (will test before & after tx)
PEP is taken for 28 days after potential exposure
