Week 6: The endocrine system/Circulatory system (Blood) Flashcards
What does the endocrine system do
- Influences metabolic activity of cells using hormones (chemical messengers)
- Binding of hormone to a receptor initiates a response
- Control and integration
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Maintenance of nutrition and water balance
- immune system
2 types of hormones
Amino acid based: Water soluble
indirect, act on receptors on the plasma membrane
steroid hormones: lipid soluble
Acts on cell directly to receptors
What do the post pituitary and anterior pituitary do
Anterior
- True glandular tissue
- manufactures and releases hormones
Post
- Downgrowth of hypothalamic tissue
- stores hormones made in hypothalamus
2 types of cells the thyroid gland is composed of
Follicular cells
- Secrete thyroid hormone
- -Promotes normal healthy tissue
- -Regulates metabolism
Parafollicular cells
-secrete calcitonin
Composition of blood
- Plasma and formed elements
- -RBCs and Haemoglobin
- -erythrocyte production
- -Blood groups
- -White blood cells
- -Platelets
- Hemostasis
Functions of blood
Transport -Transport of oxygen and nutrients -Transport of waste products -transport of hormones Regulation -regulation of body temp -regulation of pH (7.35 - 7.45) -Maintaining adequate fluid volume Protection -prevention of blood loss -prevention of infection
Albumin
- Major plasma protein
- Produced in the liver
- -Transports other molecules
- -helps to buffer blood pH
- -maintains osmotic pressure of blood
Formed elements of blood
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- White blood cells (Leukocytes)
- -granular leukocytes (contain granules)
- -agranular leukocytes (no granules)
Erythrocytes (Erythro = Red, Cyte = Cell)
Produced in bone marrow specialised oxygen carrying cells also carry CO2 No nucleus (last 120 days) Bi-concave disc shape Flexible contain haemoglobin Production controlled by hormone: erythropoietin
Haemoglobin
- Heme: iron-containing pigment
- Globin: Four protein (2 alpha + 2 Beta) sub-units (each containing 1 heme molecule)
- Four molecules of oxygen per molecule of haemoglobin
Blood Groups ABO
Your ABO blood type is determined by the
presence or absence of antigens
(agglutinogens) A and B on surface of
erythrocytes (RBCs)
blood type A person has A antigens – blood type B person has B antigens – AB has both – and blood type O has neither
Your Rh factor is the presence or absence of
another agglutinogen – Presence is Rh+
/Absence is Rh-
Key solutes of blood
Glucose
Calcium
Glucose
- In the aqueous part of the blood sample - plasma
- lots of polar hydroxyl groups that form hydrogen - bonds with water
Glucose transport - into cells
• Across Cell Membranes
• Sodium (Na+
)-independent glucose transporters (GLUTs)• Different versions
• in different cell types (most common 1-4)
• Associated with glucose and other sugars
• Most independent of insulin, except GLUT 4 (skeletal muscle, adipose,
heart)
• Facilitative diffusion
Leukocytes
Complete cells with nuclei and usual organelles
protect body grom infection
contain granular and granular leukocytes
