Week 6: Social psychology part 2 Flashcards
Behaviour that helps other people with no apparent gain or with potential cost to oneself
altruism
____________is the doctrine that all behaviour is designed to increase one’s own pleasure or reduce one’s own pain.
Ethical hedonism
_____________ which holds that natural selection favours animals that behave altruistically if the likely benefit to each individual over time exceeds the likely cost. In other words, if the dangers are small but the gains in survival and reproduction are large, altruism is an adaptive strategy.
reciprocal altruism,
a diminished sense of personal responsibility to act because others are seen as equally responsible.
diffusion of responsibility
A decision-making model of bystander intervention.
In the first stage, the bystander must notice the emergency.
In stage 2, the bystander must interpret the incident as an emergency.
In stage 3, the bystander must assume responsibility.
Once the bystander accepts responsibility, he must then decide what to do and try to do it.
– At any point in this process, a bystander may make a decision that leads to inaction.
bystander intervention
A form of altruism involving helping people in need
______ refers to compliance with the demands of an authority
obedience
_______means changing attitudes or behaviour to accommodate the standards of peers or groups
conformity
__________refers to the effects of the presence of others on the way people think, feel and behave.
Social influence
______ standards for the behaviour of group members
Norms
The groups to which a person refers when taking action.
reference group
A reference group can be _____ or _____
positive,
negative
A positive reference group (but not necessarily a positive ______)
influence
A_____is a position in a group that has norms specifying appropriate behaviour for its occupants
role
the group members who take responsibility for seeing that the group completes its tasks are called _______ , or ________. Others, called _____________, try to keep the group working cohesively and with minimal animosity.
task leaders,
instrumental leaders,
social–emotional leader
A reduction in individual effort when in a group
social loafing
a movement towards a decision that is at the extreme position
group polarisation
people tend to cluster together to be viewed even more favourably by members of their ingroup.
group cohesiveness
A phenomenon where people are less likely to help others when there is a group of people
Bystander effect
A form of altruism involving helping people in need.
Bystander intervention
A diminished sense of personal responsibility to act because others are seen as equally responsible.
Diffusion of responsibility
refers to behaviours people perform that have no apparent gain to oneself.
Altruism
The idea that there are no true acts of altruism because altruistic acts are all performed to make the altruist feel good is known as
ethical hedonism
When Kitty Genovese was brutally murdered and no one who witnessed this crime intervened, this is an example of the
bystander effect
________is when people feel less responsible to act because others have an equal responsibility to act.
diffusion of responsibility
_______is when people follow instruction from authority figures.
Obedience
People putting in less effort for a group assessment at university compared to an individual assessment is an example of
social loafing
The experiment that illustrated conformity by asking participants to select the longest line was conducted by
__________.
Asch study
Assigning a person with a label and then requesting them to do something that is consistent with that label is known as the _______
labelling technique
The experiment that illustrated obedience by instructing participants to give electric shocks when an ‘actor’ provided incorrect answers was conducted by ________
Stanley Milgram
When a group makes a decision to primarily uphold the harmony of the group is an example of
_________.
groupthink
A technique of social influence where you start with a bigger request expecting it to be denied and then move to a smaller request. For example, a teenager wants to stay out until midnight, they ask their dad if they can stay out until 2pm and he says no. Then ask if they can stay until midnight and he says yes.
Door-in-the-face technique
A technique of social influence where something is broken up into smaller elements to make it look more favorable. For example, Afterpay where you can purchase a pair of shoes for just $10 per week for 10 weeks, which sounds better than $100
Legitimization-of-paltry-favors technique
