Week 4: Personalities (Theories: Psychodynamic | Humanistic | Cognitive-social)

Question 1

What theories offered the first comprehensive alternative to psychodynamic theories of personality.

Answer 1

Cognitive–social theories

Question 2

According to cognitive–social theories, what several conditions must be met for a behaviour to occur?

Answer 2

• The person must encode the current situation as relevant to their goals or current concerns,
• and the situation must have enough personal meaning or value to initiate goal-driven behaviour.
• The individual must believe that performing the behaviour will lead to the desired outcome
• and that they have the ability to perform it.
• The person must also actually have the ability to carry out the behaviour.
• Finally, the person must be able to regulate ongoing activity in a way that leads to goal fulfilment

perhaps by monitoring behaviour at each step of the way until they fulfils the goal, as in decision-making theories, or changing the goal if they cannot fully achieve it. If any of these conditions is not met, the behaviour will not occur.

Question 3

In cognitive–social theories , for people to respond to a situation, they must first encode it as ________.

Answer 3

Relevant

Question 4

According to cognitive-social theories, what is personal vaule?

Answer 4

refers to the importance individuals attach to various outcomes or potential outcomes

Question 5

In cognitive-social theories:
What is peresonal construct?

Answer 5

— mental representations of the people, places, things and events that are significant to a person
— substantially influence their behaviour

Question 6

In cognitive-social theories:

People tend to focus on and select behaviours and situations that have_____ to them, and that are relevant to their goals or___

Answer 6

personal value:
life tasks

Question 7

what is life tasks? ( cognitive-social theories)

Answer 7

conscious, self-defined problems people try to solve

Question 8

what is self regulation? (cognitive-social theories)

Answer 8

Self-regulation refers to setting goals, evaluating performance and adjusting behaviour to achieve these goals in the context of ongoing feedback

Question 9

_________theories attempt to account for the difficulties of people with high impairment in both domains (love and work)

Answer 9

Object relations

Question 10

object relations theories are about people’s relationships with____

Answer 10

Others

Question 11

_______ theories focus on interpersonal disturbances and the mental processes that underlie the capacity for relatedness to others?

Answer 11

Object relations

Question 12

Freud’s psychosexual stages

Answer 12

Oral (0-18 months)

Anal (2-3 years)

Phallic (4-6 years)

Latency (7-11 years)

Genital (12+ years)

Question 13

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 13

Physiological needs

Safety needs

Love and belonging

Esteem

Self-actualization