week 5: social psychology part 1 Flashcards
The process of inferring the causes of one’s own and others’ mental states and behaviours is called ____
Attribution
In making attributions, people rely on three types of information: ___. ___. and ___.
consensus, consistency and distinctiveness
________________is the tendency to assume that other people’s behaviour corresponds to their internal states rather than external situations
fundamental attribution error, also call correspondence bias
A phenomenon in which people tend to see themselves in a more positive light than they deserve.
the self-serving bias
____is evaluation towards an object, issue, person. Typically viewed as positively or negatively
Attitudes
What test was developed to measure implicit attitudes and beliefs that people are unwilling or unable to express openly?
The Implicit Association Test (IAT)
_________effect, whereby people become more positive about stimuli the more times they are exposed to them.
mere-exposure effect
The pairing ( conditioning) of a neutral stimulus with a response is often used in marketing.
Classical - conditioning
_________ is behaviours and attitudes are inconsistent
Cognitive Dissonance
Attitudes that regulate thought and behaviour unconsciously and automatically
Implicit attitudes
A condition in which an attitude object is associated with conflicting evaluative responses
Attitudinal ambivalence
The extent to which an attitude is internally consistent
Attitudinal coherence
___, ____, and ____ of an attitude may vary independently of each other.
The cognitive,
evaluative
Behavioural components
The mere-exposure effect only works on ___ and ___ attitudes
neutral attitudes
or
positive attitudes
The mere-exposure effect doesn’t work on ____ attitude.
negative
______ is the pairing (conditioning) of a neutral stimulus with a response. Used in marketing
Classical - conditioning
__________is Behaviours and attitudes are inconsistent
Cognitive Dissonance
In order to eliminate cognitive dissonance, either the ____ has to change, or the ____ has to change
Attitude
behaviour
A route of persuasion that involves the person receiving the message to think carefully and weigh up the arguments in the message
Central route
In persusion, _______ appeals to less rational and thoughtful processes, bypasses the cortex and often heads straight for points south, such as the limbic system, the heart or the gut.
Peripheral route
_______ refers to deliberate efforts to change an attitude
Persuasion
________involves building up the receiver’s ‘resistance’ to a persuasive appeal by presenting weak arguments for it or forewarning against it
attitude inoculation,
The model of persuasion that proposes that knowing how to appeal to a person requires figuring out the likelihood that they will think much aobut (or elaborate on) the arguments.
Elaboration Likelihood Model
_____ suggests that there are two routes through which people can be persuade
ELM: elaboration likelihood model of persuasion
_______ to attitude persuasion is more effective when the person is both motivated and able to think about the arguments
Central route
_________ is more effective when the likelihood that the person will engage in high-effort cognitive processing is low.
peripheral route
Three parts of the self
Public self (Interpersonal Self)
Self-Concept (Self-Knowledge)
Executive Functioning (Agent Self)
The strategy where people attempt to control what impressions others form of them
Self-Presentation
A process where people set themselves up to fail when success is uncertain in an attempt to maintain their self-esteem
Self-handicapping
Refers to the way most people respond. If all students in Psychology 1B don’t enjoy one of the activities this could be attributed to the situation (the activity)
Consensus
People typically see themselves in a more positive way than others see them
Self-Serving Bias
An association between an act or object and an evaluation
Attitude
An aspect of persuasion that refers to the person giving the message. People tend to be more persuasive when they are credible, attractive, likeable and powerful.
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