Week 6 - Skeletal muscle Flashcards
What are the 3 different types of muscle
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth
What % of our body mass is skeletal muscle
40%
What is skeletal muscle made up of
Epimysium
Endomysium
Perimysium
Fascicle
Muscle fiber
Blood vessel
What is a sarcomere
A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber. Each sarcomere is composed of two main protein filaments—actin and myosin—which are the active structures responsible for muscular contraction.
What prevents actin and myosin interacting when resting
tropomyosin
Type 1 muscle fibre
Slow oxidative
High levels of oxygen and mitochondria
Low level contractions
Type 2a muscle fibre
Fast oxidative
Hybrid of 1 and 2
Large number of mitochondria and myoglobin
Strong fast contraction
Type 2b muscle fibre
Fast glycolytic
Low level of mitochondria and myoglobin
Break down ATP very quickly
Short, fast bursts of power movements
High and rapid fatigue
What is an isokinetic contraction
Where the speed of movement remains constant but the tension varies
What is Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of muscle fibres
What is hypertrophy
An increase in the size of individual muscle fibres
What effect does endurance training have on muscle fibres
Increased oxygen utilisation due to improved mitochondrial function
Increased oxygen delivery due to capilarisation
What effect does strength training have on muscle fibres
Increased number of sarcomeres
Increased myosin size
Increased sarcoplasmic reticulum therefore increased release of calcium
