Week 1 (Respiratory system)

Question 1

Functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

• Provide oxygen to the blood
• Expel carbon dioxide
• Speaking
• Regulates blood PH coordinating with kidneys
• Defends against inhaled microbes
• Influences arterial concentrations of chemical messages
• Traps and dissolves blood clots arising from systemic veins

Question 2

Upper respiratory system

Answer 2

Nasal conchae
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 3

Lower respiratory system

Answer 3

Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles

Question 4

Right lung is bigger because of the heart being on the left side

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the conducting zone?

Answer 5

All the structures that air must pass through to get to the lungs

Question 6

Functions of the conducting zone?

Answer 6

Provides a low resistance pathway for airflow

Defends against microbes

Warms and moistens the air

Sound production

Question 7

Goblet cell

Answer 7

Secrete mucus to create a protective layer

Question 8

Lumen

Answer 8

Transport the air, blood, food and other substances inside the body

Question 9

Cilia

Answer 9

Move microbes and debris up and out of the airway

Question 10

Mucociliary clearance

Answer 10

The removal of toxic chemicals through mucus

Question 11

What is the respiratory zone?

Answer 11

The site of gas exchange (alveoli)

Question 12

Purpose of the respiratory zone

Answer 12

Ventilation - The movement of air in and out of the lungs in the process of breathing

Gas exchange - The supply of oxygen to the body and removal of C02

Question 13

What is the respiratory zone made up of?

Answer 13

Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs

Question 14

Ventilation definition

Answer 14

The exchange of air between the atmosphere and alveoli

Question 15

Inhalation = Diaphragm contraction

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is Boyle’s Law

Answer 16

States that pressure and volume of gas have an inverse relationship.

If volume increases, pressure decreases

Question 17

Transpulmonary pressure

Answer 17

The difference in pressure between inside and outside the lung

Question 17

Inspiration process

Answer 17

External intercostal muscles lift ribs upwards and outwards

Diaphragm contracts and moves downwards

Chest cavity expands and air is sucked into the lungs

Question 18

Expiration process

Answer 18

Muscles of inspiration relax

Lungs return to resting size

Volume in lungs decreases and the pressure increases to above atmospheric

Air is squeezed out of lungs

Question 19

Primary inspiratory muscles

Answer 19

Diaphragm, External intercostals

Question 20

Accessory inspiratory muscles

Answer 20

Sternocleimastoid, scalene, pectoralis major, serratus anterior

Question 21

Primary expiratory muscles

Answer 21

Diaphragm

Question 22

Accessory expiratory muscles

Answer 22

Internal intercostals, transverse thoracis, external obliques, rectus abdominis, internal obliques

Question 23

What is pulmonary diffusion

Answer 23

Gas exchange in the lungs between the alveoli and the capillary bloodstream

Question 24

Two main functions of pulmonary diffusion

Answer 24

Replenishes oxygen supply in the blood

Removes carbon dioxide from venous blood returning to the lungs

Question 25

What does pulmonary diffusion occur across

Answer 25

The respiratory membrane

Question 26

What is the respiratory membrane made up of

Answer 26

Alveolar wall

Capillary wall

Their respective basement membranes

Question 27

What is Dalton’s law

Answer 27

In a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases