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Physiology > Week 5 - Endocrine system > Flashcards

Week 5 - Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Any self regulating process by which biological tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival.

(How the body adapts to keep optimal conditions for survival)

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2
Q

Examples of homeostasis

A

Body temp - shivering
Blood glucose - Insulin released
Blood pressure - Dilating and constricting blood vessels

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3
Q

Endocrine system:
Wireless
Long term regulation

A
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4
Q

What hormone does the hypothalamus produce

A

ADH, Oxytocin and regulatory hormones

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5
Q

What hormone does the pituitary gland release

A

ADH, Oxytocin

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6
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland release

A

Melatonin

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7
Q

What hormone does the thyroid release

A

Calcitonin
Thyroxine
Triiodothyronine

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8
Q

How do hormones travel throughout the body

A

The blood

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9
Q

What are the 2 categories of hormones

A

Steroid
Non-steroid

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10
Q

What are steroid hormones

A

A chemical structure like cholesterol

Soluble in lipids

Diffuse easily through cell membranes

Do not require receptor to enter cytoplasm

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11
Q

What do steroid hormones include

A

Reproductive hormones
Cortisol
Aldosterone

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12
Q

What are non-steroid hormones

A

Not lipid soluble

Cannot easily cross cell membranes

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13
Q

Examples of non-steroid hormones

A

thyroxine
triiodothyronine
epinephrine
norepinephrine

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14
Q

The main way that the body maintains homeostasis

A

Negative feedback

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15
Q

What determines the level of activation from the endocrine system

A

Hormone concentration
Number of target cell receptor sites
Hormone receptor sensitivity

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16
Q

What is up and down regulation

A

The number of receptors on target cells can be altered to increase or decrease that cells sensitivity to the hormone

With fewer receptors, fewer hormone molecules can bind, and the cell becomes less sensitive to the given hormone – downregulation

17
Q

What is the role of blood glucose

A

Only fuel that the brain can use

18
Q

What is blood glucose affected by

A

Cholesterol consumption
Cholesterol metabolism
Systemic release of glucose

19
Q

What detects the level of blood glucose

A

Hypothalamus

20
Q

What gland releases adrenaline

A

Adrenal medulla located in the adrenal gland

Physiology (6 decks)

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