Week 6 - RTIs and Pneumonias Flashcards
Name the most common URTI and its infectious agent
- Rhinitis
- Rhinovirus
What are the most common viral causes of pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis and otitis media?
- Coronavirus
- Influenzae
- Respiratory Syncytial virus
List the defences of the resp tract
- Mucociliary escalator -> Ciliated columnar epithelia and Goblet cells
- Nasal hairs
- Cough and sneeze reflex
- Mucosal associated lymphatic tissue such as lymphoid follicles of pharnxy, tonsils
- Alveolar macrophages
- Secretory IgA/IgG
What is pneumonia?
-A lower respiratory tract bacterial infection causing inflammation of the lung alveoli and terminal airways
How does pneumonia usually present?
-Patients are acutely unwell with non-productive cough, fever, SoB, pleuritic chest pain, maliase, tachycardia, tachypnoea, dull percussion and tactile vocal fremitus
What would an CXR of pneumonia often show?
-Consolidation
What is pneumonia often associated with in the history?
- Immunocomprimised
- Travel
- Underlying lung disease
What is acute bronchitis?
-Inflammation of the medium airways
What group of people are at risk of acute bronchitis?
-Smokers
how does acute bronchitis usually present?
-Fever, productive cough, SoB
What will the CXR show in chronic bronchitis?
-Normal
What are the common causative organisms of acute bronchitis?
- S.pneumoniae
- H.influenzae
- Viruses
How is acute bronchitis treated?
- Bronchodilators
- Analgesics and antipyretics
- Antibiotics if necessary
- Physiotherapy to remove secretions
What is a major difference between acute and chronic bronchitis?
-Chronic not primarily infective
What are the common causes of Community Acquired Pneumonia?
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Haemophilus Influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Staph. aureus
- Klebsiella Pneumoniae
What are the common atypical causes of CAP?
- Legionella
- Mycoplasma
What investigations would you order if you suspected CAP?
- FBCs, U+Es, blood/sputum culture, CXR, CRP
- Assess with CURB 65
List some of the common respiratory tract flora
- Viridans Streptococci
- Neisseria spp
- Strep pyogenes
- Strep agalactiae
How would you treat CAP?
- Mild to moderate -> Amoxicillin
- Moderate to severe -> Co-amoxiclav +/- doxycycline