Week 6 - Pharmacology Flashcards
4 physiological processes for drugs course
ADME process:
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
Movement of a drug from the site of administration to the circulatory system
Absorption
The drug is absorbed into circulation and must reach its site of action at high enough concentration for a sufficient period of time
Distribution
A drug has reached its site of action and produced a clinical effect
Metabolism or biotransformation
Removal of the drug from the body
Elimination
Drugs in this system can be reabsorbed later in the GI tract and then back into the circulatory system
Biliary
Enterohepatic recycling
Cats cannot synthesize _____ which can result in toxicity
Glucuronic acid
(Acetaminophen toxicity)
In the absence of a loading dose, a CRI will reach steady-state plasma concentration in ____
3-5 drug half-lives
Drugs that bind to a receptor and activate it to mimic the effect of the endogenous ligand
Agonists
Full agonists that produce full efficacy
Full mu-agonist opioid morphine
Drugs that activate the receptor but only have partial or incomplete efficacy
Partial agonists
Partial mu-agonist opioid buprenorphine
A drug binds to a receptor and blocks the response that is elicited when the endogenous ligand binds to the receptor
Antagonists
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist
Drugs that behave as an agonist at one receptor site and then as antagonist at another site
Agonist-antagonist
Mixed
Butorphanol
Amount of drug needed to produce a given effect
Potency
Therapeutic index
LD50/ED50
Lethal dose/median effective dose
Pediatric patients may have fewer ____ and decreased ability to perform _____
Cytochrome P450
Glucuronidation
Emetic choice in cats
Xylazine
(Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist)
Or dexmedetomidine
Only peripheral acting emetic employed today
Hydrogen peroxide
Contraindication for metoclopramide use
Intussusception
