Week 6: Peripheral Region Flashcards
Brachial Plexus
C5-T1, divided into spinal level, trunks, division cords, and branches. One peripheral nerve typically has axons from multiple spinal levels. a network of nerves in the shoulder that carries movement and sensory signals from the spinal cord to the arms and hands
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
The brachial plexus arteries, and veins travel through the thoracic outlet. Caused by compression of the brachial plexus onto the clavicle or first rib. Locations of paresthesia and referred pain depend on which nerves are compressed.
Lumbar Plexus
T12-L4 (L4 and L5 overlap in the lumbar plexus and sacral plexus), innervates the anterior and medial thigh
Sacral Plexus
S1-S4, innervates the posterior thigh and most of the leg and foot
Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy happens when the nerves that are located outside of the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves) are damaged. This condition often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in the hands and feet.
Polyneuropathy
Polyneuropathy is the simultaneous malfunction of many peripheral nerves throughout the body.
Mononeuropathy
Mononeuropathy is a type of damage to a nerve outside the brain and spinal cord (peripheral neuropathy). Mononeuropathy is most often caused by injury.
Mononeuropathy multiplex
Mononeuropathy multiplex, a type of peripheral neuropathy, happens when there is damage to at least two different areas of the peripheral nervous system.
Plexopathy
Brachial plexopathy is a form of peripheral neuropathy. It occurs when there is damage to the brachial plexus
Radiculopathy
Commonly referred to as a pinched nerve, radiculopathy is injury or damage to nerve roots in the area where they leave the spine
Axonal neuropathies
Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a rare inherited disorder that affects the peripheral and central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system sends signals that control movement and sensation between the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and all other parts of the body.
demyelinating neuropathies
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a neurological disorder that involves progressive weakness and reduced senses in the arms and legs. It is caused by damage to the fat-based protective covering on nerves called the myelin sheath
Hypoesthesia
Hypoesthesia or numbness is a common side effect of various medical conditions that manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli.
Hyperesthesia
Hyperesthesia is a neurological condition that causes a person extreme sensitivity to touch, pain, pressure, and thermal sensations.
Dyesthesia
Dysesthesia is a sensation people often describe as painful, itchy, burning, or restrictive.
Causalgia
severe burning pain in a limb caused by injury to a peripheral nerve.
Cubital tunnel syndrome
Cubital tunnel syndrome is neuropathy of the ULNAR nerve causing symptoms of numbness and shooting pain along the medial aspect of the forearm, also including the medial half of the fourth digit and the fifth digit
Guyon’s canal
Guyon’s canal also called ulnar tunnel or ulnar canal, is an anatomical fibro-osseous canal located on the medial side of the hand.
Bicycle riders syndrome
Cyclist’s palsy typically develops during long-distance or prolonged cycling and occurs with both mountain bike and road cyclists. The position of the hands while holding the handlebar puts pressure on the nerves in the wrist. ULNAR
Waiters tip position
the affected arm adducted at the shoulder and internally rotated, the elbow extended, the forearm pronated, and the fingers and wrists flexed. C5 C6 C7
Claw hand deformity
Claw hand causes your fingers to bend in toward your wrist. ULNAR
Winging of the scapula
The term ‘winged scapula’ (also scapula alata) is used when the muscles of the scapula are too weak or paralyzed, resulting in a limited ability to stabilize the scapula. As a result, the medial or lateral borders of the scapula protrudes from back, like wings. Seen from wall pushup
Bicep tendon reflex
Biceps reflex: flexion of the forearm. You will feel the biceps tendon contract if the biceps reflex is stimulated by the tap on the brachioradialis tendon
Froments sign
The Froment’s sign is used to test the function of the adductor pollicis muscle. when pinching a piece of paper between the thumb and index finger against resistance, the thumb IP joint will flex if the adductor pollicis muscle is weak
An OTR administers a bicep tendon reflex screening. The OTR correctly strikes their thumb over the client’s cubital fossa. Nothing happens. This best indicates which of the following?
Upper Brachial Plexus damage
A client is referred to occupational therapy after sustaining a thoracic nerve injury. Which of the following symptoms is the client most likely to experience
Winging of the scapula
Matching
Hypoesthesia - Decreased perception of sensation
Hyperesthesia - Increased perception of sensation
Dyesthesia - the feeling of unpleasant sensations
Causalgia - the feeling of intense burning sensations
If a nerve injury is indicated, the OTR should assess which of the following?
All of the above (strength, range of motion, and sensation)
A client presents to OT due to bicycle riders syndrome. The are innervated by the ulnar nerve in the forearm will be
Intact
Which of the following movements does the ulnar nerve control
Pinky finger flexion
The brachial plexus is located from ___ spinal cord level to ____
C5 to T1
True or False: Peripheral Nerves once damaged cannot regenerate
False
Which plexus innervates most of the leg and foot
Sacral Plexus
Which of the following peripheral nerves does NOT innervate the hand?
Axillary (Medium, Ulnar, and Radial)
