Week 11: Cognition

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

At least 3 different types of memory have been identified (working, declarative, and procedural)
1. Working: Goal-relevant information for a short time
2. Declarative: Facts, events, concepts, and locations
3. Procedural: Skilled movements and habits

Question 2

Consciousness

Answer 2

Waking and sleeping, paying attention, and initiating action are the province of the consciousness system. Various aspects require different subsystems.

Question 3

Seretonin

Answer 3

Widely distributed throughout the cerebrum and modulates general arousal levels

Question 4

Norepinephrine

Answer 4

Contributes to attention and vigilance via locus corelus projections primarily sensory areas

Question 5

Acetylcholine

Answer 5

Contributes to voluntary direction of attention toward an object

Question 6

Dopamine

Answer 6

Contributes to the initiation of motor or cognitive actions, based on cognitive activity

Question 7

Oriented attention

Answer 7

The ability to locate specific sensory information from among many stimuli (locating the traffic light while driving)

Question 8

Divided attention

Answer 8

The ability to attend to two or more things simultaneously (adjusting cars speed according to anticipated trajectory of other vehicles while talking with a passenger)

Question 9

Selective attention

Answer 9

The ability to attend to important information and ignore distractions (listening only to the person you are have a conversation with in a cafe with numerous other conversations proceeding at the same time)

Question 10

Sustained attention

Answer 10

The ability to continue an activity over time (reading a book, driving a car, having a conversation, and building furniture)

Question 11

Switching attention

Answer 11

The ability to change from one task to another (when making half of a recipe, it is easy to mistake the conversion while attending to the process of measuring and mixing thus end up with the amount of salt for a full recipe rather than half the recipe)

Question 12

Intellect

Answer 12

The ability to form concepts and to reason

Question 13

ADHD

Answer 13

Difficulty sustaining attention with onset during childhood. Display developmentally inappropriate inattention and impulsiveness.

Question 14

Dementia

Answer 14

Generalized mental deterioration, characterized by disorientation and impaired memory, judgement and intellect

Question 15

Alzheimer’s

Answer 15

Causes progress mental deterioration consisting of memory loss, confusion, and disorientation. Typically symptoms become apparent after age 60. It initially presents with signs of forgetfulness, progressing to an inability to recall words, and finally failure to produce and comprehend language.

Question 16

Glasgow Coma Scale

Answer 16

13 to 15 Mild LOS
9 to 12 moderate LOS
3 to 8 severe LOS

Question 17

MOCA test

Answer 17

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was designed as a rapid screening instrument for mild cognitive dysfunction. It assesses different cognitive domains: attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation.

Question 18

An OTR observed that Samy was unable to recall the steps explained to him just 1 minute age. What kind of deficit is Samy more likely to exhibit

Answer 18

Short-term memory

Question 19

Which of the following neurotransmitter is used for “generalized arousal level”

Answer 19

Seretonin

Question 20

A caregiver informed the OTR that she observed her grandmother initially being forgetful, progressing to an inability to recall words, and now experiencing difficulty producing and comprehending language. The OTR is more likely to suspect which of the specific disease?

Answer 20

Alzheimer Disease

Question 21

The OTR noticed that the patient is unable to attend his attention to two tasks simultaneously, at the same time. The client is more likely to have sustained attention problems.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

The OTR is reviewing a chart of a patient who had a stroke and currently is on the ICU. The OTR noticed that the patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale score is 7. Based on the score, the patient is experiencing brain damage that is ____ which of the following is correct?

Answer 22

Severe