Week 11: Cognition Flashcards
Memory
At least 3 different types of memory have been identified (working, declarative, and procedural)
1. Working: Goal-relevant information for a short time
2. Declarative: Facts, events, concepts, and locations
3. Procedural: Skilled movements and habits
Consciousness
Waking and sleeping, paying attention, and initiating action are the province of the consciousness system. Various aspects require different subsystems.
Seretonin
Widely distributed throughout the cerebrum and modulates general arousal levels
Norepinephrine
Contributes to attention and vigilance via locus corelus projections primarily sensory areas
Acetylcholine
Contributes to voluntary direction of attention toward an object
Dopamine
Contributes to the initiation of motor or cognitive actions, based on cognitive activity
Oriented attention
The ability to locate specific sensory information from among many stimuli (locating the traffic light while driving)
Divided attention
The ability to attend to two or more things simultaneously (adjusting cars speed according to anticipated trajectory of other vehicles while talking with a passenger)
Selective attention
The ability to attend to important information and ignore distractions (listening only to the person you are have a conversation with in a cafe with numerous other conversations proceeding at the same time)
Sustained attention
The ability to continue an activity over time (reading a book, driving a car, having a conversation, and building furniture)
Switching attention
The ability to change from one task to another (when making half of a recipe, it is easy to mistake the conversion while attending to the process of measuring and mixing thus end up with the amount of salt for a full recipe rather than half the recipe)
Intellect
The ability to form concepts and to reason
ADHD
Difficulty sustaining attention with onset during childhood. Display developmentally inappropriate inattention and impulsiveness.
Dementia
Generalized mental deterioration, characterized by disorientation and impaired memory, judgement and intellect
Alzheimer’s
Causes progress mental deterioration consisting of memory loss, confusion, and disorientation. Typically symptoms become apparent after age 60. It initially presents with signs of forgetfulness, progressing to an inability to recall words, and finally failure to produce and comprehend language.
Glasgow Coma Scale
13 to 15 Mild LOS
9 to 12 moderate LOS
3 to 8 severe LOS
MOCA test
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was designed as a rapid screening instrument for mild cognitive dysfunction. It assesses different cognitive domains: attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation.
An OTR observed that Samy was unable to recall the steps explained to him just 1 minute age. What kind of deficit is Samy more likely to exhibit
Short-term memory
Which of the following neurotransmitter is used for “generalized arousal level”
Seretonin
A caregiver informed the OTR that she observed her grandmother initially being forgetful, progressing to an inability to recall words, and now experiencing difficulty producing and comprehending language. The OTR is more likely to suspect which of the specific disease?
Alzheimer Disease
The OTR noticed that the patient is unable to attend his attention to two tasks simultaneously, at the same time. The client is more likely to have sustained attention problems.
False
The OTR is reviewing a chart of a patient who had a stroke and currently is on the ICU. The OTR noticed that the patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale score is 7. Based on the score, the patient is experiencing brain damage that is ____ which of the following is correct?
Severe
