Week 6- Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Build bone calcium phosphate

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2
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Dissolve calcium phosphate

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3
Q

Osteocytes

A

Pressure sensor

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4
Q

Hypocalcaemia

A

Low (ionised calcium)

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5
Q

Hypercalcaemia

A

High (ionised calcium)

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6
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Main regulator of plasma calcium

Secreted by parathyroid glands
^ when plasma calcium decreases

3 actions:
^ calcium resorption from bone
^ calcium absorption by kidneys
^ production of calcitriol

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7
Q

Calcitriol (vitamin D)

A
Formed in kidney
Formation stimulated by low plasma calcium and PTH
Supports PTH action 
- increases absorption of calcium in gut
- supports PTH 
   . Calcium resorption from bone
   . Calcium reabsorption by kidneys
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8
Q

Factors which increase bone density

A

Preproduction hormones (oestrogen, testosterone)

Strain on joins ( physical exercises increases density)

Calcium balance ( calcium in diet, vitamin D)

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9
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Infested on empty stomach
Inhibit osteoclasts activity
Persistent effect
Risk : gastric irritation (ulcers)

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10
Q

Treatments for osteoporosis

A

Early: calcium, vitamin D

Later(Ys<2.5): bisphosphonates,
anti-RANK-L antibody(denosumab),
oestrogen receptor modulators

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11
Q

Anti-RANK-L antibody ( denosumab)

A

Injected every 6 months
Inhibit osteoclast formation
Risk: injection site irritation
Effects short term

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12
Q

Oestrogen receptor modulators

A

Promote oestrogen like effects
Reduced cancer risk vs oestrogen
Contraindication with cardiovascular risk

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