Week 6: Lecture Flashcards
Health
een toestand van volledig fysiek, mentaal en sociaal welzijn en niet alleen de afwezigheid van ziekte of gebrek
What is the difference between mood and affect?
- Affect is the experience of feeling an emotion while mood is a state of emotion. · 2. Affect is usually short-lived while mood can last for hours or days
Bipolar Depression
a mood disturbance which causes marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalisation to prevent harm to self or others
Moods can also spiral out of control → too high moods results in two things
Mania and hypomania
What is mania?
a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable
mood.” with > 2 symptoms and duration > week, e.g. high self-esteem, little sleep need,
easily distracted, increase rate in speech, flight of ideas, psychomotor agitation, etc
Hypomania
a milder version of mania that lasts for a short period (usually a few days. Functioning is not really disturbed.
Dysthymia
(also known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD) a mental and behavioural disorder, specifically a disorder primarily of mood, consisting of similar cognitive and physical problems as major depressive disorder, but with longer-lasting symptoms. Symptoms should be there a year
What are the consequences of mania and why is that relevant on the other side of the spectrum (depression)?
- Fewer friends
- fewer chance of succes
- less study succes
- increased risk of dying
=How does suicide occur?
IDEATION → FORMULATION (PLAN) → ACT/BEHAVIOUR
Take 10 people su ering from bipolar disorder … up to 5 people will try to take their own lives, and sadly, around 2 will succeed (which is around 20%)
What is unipolar depression?
Unipolar depression is another name for major depressive disorder. The term “unipolar” means that this form of depression does not cycle through other mental states, such as mania. In contrast, bipolar conditions cause periods of both depression and mania
Suicide Contagion
the exposure to suicide or suicidal behaviours within one’s family, one’s peer group, or through media reports of suicide: can result in increase in suicide and suicidal behaviours
Goethe (1774) book
book with story including suicide: suicides, of similar kind, after the publication. He may even regretted writing the book.
Data
raw observations: they are evidence for the phenomenon
Phenomenon
relatively stable features of the world/or observations
Theory
a description of how phenomenon come about
Escape-From-Self Model
the main motivation for suicide is escape from painful self-awareness
Diathesis-Stress Model
suicide is mostly explained with these models.
posits that psychological disorders result from an interaction between inherent vulnerability and environmental stressors → such interactions between dispositional and environmental factors have been demonstrated in psychopathology research
→ vulnerability (the diathesis(a tendency to suffer from a particular medical condition)) X exposure (stress)
Clinical Model of Suicidal Behaviour (Mann et. al. 1999)
suicide risk
increases by the stressor of a mental disorder and a diathesis of personality (e.g. impulsivity)
Arrested Flight Model (Williams, 2001)
suicide risk increases when feelings of defeat and entrapment are high, and the potential for rescue (e.g. social support) is low
Interpersonal-Psychological Model
suicidal desire: high levels of burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness (= feel low) → suicide when the capability for this is high:
Old definition on mental health
vpresence of symptoms [… not better explained by …] that cause
stress/dysfunction – DSM, ICD (the older definition)
Alternative mental health definition
the ability of people to cope with stressors/challenges and/or to recover (quickly)
after something unpleasant occurred, such as stress or injury (newer definition)
WHAT WAS THE CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY WITH MENTAL DISORDERS AND COVID 19?
re-excisting mental disorders, n particular SUD, are associated with covid susceptability and relatively poor covid course. Incl mortality
What is the conclusion of people who need to cope with mental disorders and the illness course?
Understand the problem!
→ people with mental disordrs have relative poor immune functioning and physical fitness (behavioural or stress induced)
–> suboptimal adherence to restrictions
→ coughing reflex: for example, people with an alcohol disorder have less of a coughing reflex than people without sud
–> main point: or something else, but you know something, and based on that you act. For example: you can prioritize affectionation for these kinds of people
Stigma
a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or type of person a transdiagnostic phenomena … that is omnipresent (= worldwide)
It’s a disgrace because of quality …
Self-Stigma
the negative attitudes, including internalised shame, that people with mental illness have about their own condition → internalised stigma: learned helplessness, poor functioning, etc
thin slicing
showing a small piece of information, you give a little information, but you ask someone else a lot
What was the conclusion of the study from Marc Molendijk et al. about attractiveness and stigma?
Mental disorders make people less attractive. Being psychotic is less attractive than being a criminal!
