Week 6: Lecture

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

een toestand van volledig fysiek, mentaal en sociaal welzijn en niet alleen de afwezigheid van ziekte of gebrek

Question 2

What is the difference between mood and affect?

Answer 2

1. Affect is the experience of feeling an emotion while mood is a state of emotion. · 2. Affect is usually short-lived while mood can last for hours or days

Question 3

Bipolar Depression

Answer 3

a mood disturbance which causes marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalisation to prevent harm to self or others

Question 4

Moods can also spiral out of control → too high moods results in two things

Answer 4

Mania and hypomania

Question 5

What is mania?

Answer 5

a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable
mood.” with > 2 symptoms and duration > week, e.g. high self-esteem, little sleep need,
easily distracted, increase rate in speech, flight of ideas, psychomotor agitation, etc

Question 6

Hypomania

Answer 6

a milder version of mania that lasts for a short period (usually a few days. Functioning is not really disturbed.

Question 7

Dysthymia

Answer 7

(also known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD) a mental and behavioural disorder, specifically a disorder primarily of mood, consisting of similar cognitive and physical problems as major depressive disorder, but with longer-lasting symptoms. Symptoms should be there a year

Question 8

What are the consequences of mania and why is that relevant on the other side of the spectrum (depression)?

Answer 8

• Fewer friends
• fewer chance of succes
• less study succes
• increased risk of dying

Question 9

=How does suicide occur?

Answer 9

IDEATION → FORMULATION (PLAN) → ACT/BEHAVIOUR
Take 10 people su ering from bipolar disorder … up to 5 people will try to take their own lives, and sadly, around 2 will succeed (which is around 20%)

Question 10

What is unipolar depression?

Answer 10

Unipolar depression is another name for major depressive disorder. The term “unipolar” means that this form of depression does not cycle through other mental states, such as mania. In contrast, bipolar conditions cause periods of both depression and mania

Question 11

Suicide Contagion

Answer 11

the exposure to suicide or suicidal behaviours within one’s family, one’s peer group, or through media reports of suicide: can result in increase in suicide and suicidal behaviours

Question 12

Goethe (1774) book

Answer 12

book with story including suicide: suicides, of similar kind, after the publication. He may even regretted writing the book.

Question 13

Data

Answer 13

raw observations: they are evidence for the phenomenon

Question 14

Phenomenon

Answer 14

relatively stable features of the world/or observations

Question 15

Theory

Answer 15

a description of how phenomenon come about

Question 16

Escape-From-Self Model

Answer 16

the main motivation for suicide is escape from painful self-awareness

Question 17

Diathesis-Stress Model

Answer 17

suicide is mostly explained with these models.
posits that psychological disorders result from an interaction between inherent vulnerability and environmental stressors → such interactions between dispositional and environmental factors have been demonstrated in psychopathology research
→ vulnerability (the diathesis(a tendency to suffer from a particular medical condition)) X exposure (stress)

Question 18

Clinical Model of Suicidal Behaviour (Mann et. al. 1999)

Answer 18

suicide risk
increases by the stressor of a mental disorder and a diathesis of personality (e.g. impulsivity)

Question 19

Arrested Flight Model (Williams, 2001)

Answer 19

suicide risk increases when feelings of defeat and entrapment are high, and the potential for rescue (e.g. social support) is low

Question 20

Interpersonal-Psychological Model

Answer 20

suicidal desire: high levels of burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness (= feel low) → suicide when the capability for this is high:

Question 21

Old definition on mental health

Answer 21

vpresence of symptoms [… not better explained by …] that cause
stress/dysfunction – DSM, ICD (the older definition)

Question 22

Alternative mental health definition

Answer 22

the ability of people to cope with stressors/challenges and/or to recover (quickly)
after something unpleasant occurred, such as stress or injury (newer definition)

Question 23

WHAT WAS THE CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY WITH MENTAL DISORDERS AND COVID 19?

Answer 23

re-excisting mental disorders, n particular SUD, are associated with covid susceptability and relatively poor covid course. Incl mortality

Question 24

What is the conclusion of people who need to cope with mental disorders and the illness course?

Answer 24

Understand the problem!
→ people with mental disordrs have relative poor immune functioning and physical fitness (behavioural or stress induced)
–> suboptimal adherence to restrictions
→ coughing reflex: for example, people with an alcohol disorder have less of a coughing reflex than people without sud
–> main point: or something else, but you know something, and based on that you act. For example: you can prioritize affectionation for these kinds of people

Question 25

Stigma

Answer 25

a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or type of person a transdiagnostic phenomena … that is omnipresent (= worldwide)
It’s a disgrace because of quality …

Question 26

Self-Stigma

Answer 26

the negative attitudes, including internalised shame, that people with mental illness have about their own condition → internalised stigma: learned helplessness, poor functioning, etc

Question 27

thin slicing

Answer 27

showing a small piece of information, you give a little information, but you ask someone else a lot

Question 28

What was the conclusion of the study from Marc Molendijk et al. about attractiveness and stigma?

Answer 28

Mental disorders make people less attractive. Being psychotic is less attractive than being a criminal!