Week 2: Lecture notes Flashcards
Why is multimorbidity less prevalent in men and Asians?
- Gender differences
- Ethnic differences
Which one comes first: chronic disease or mental disease?
bidirectional relationship
What is treatment adherence?
the extent to which a person’s behavior — taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes — corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a healthcare provider.
What are the consequences of a chronic disease?
symptom burden, functional impairment, low QoL, costs, premature mortality
Why is the diagnosis for HIV difficult?
psychosocial factors, neurobiological changes, depression before HIV
Symptoms → anhedonia (= the inability to feel pleasure), insomnia, loss of appetite, memory &
concentration difficulties
Resilience
Ability of people or things to recover quicky after something unpleasant
What is the conclusion of the conducted study of Marc Molendijk about anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in refugees?
there is a large and chronic burden in refugees due to poor mental health. this burden impedes functioning and possibilities to adapt, scalable/adapted
treatment options should be/become available
What is loss of agency?
feeling trapped, boxed in, helpless & hopeless
What is stress Sensitisation?
individuals exposed to adversity will be more vulnerable to mental disorders from proximal stressors (Proximal stressors are the thoughts and feelings that are elicited and maintained because of direct and indirect experiences with prejudice events and are typically conceptualized to include anticipated stigma, internalized transphobia, and gender identity concealment.) → impact increases with successive stimuli
What is Hormesis?
adaptive responses of cells/organisms to moderate exposure and maladaptive
responses on high-level/intense exposure, not per se bad: adaptation
What is Allostatic Load?
the cumulative burden of chronic stress and life events → involves the
interaction of different physiological systems at varying degrees of activity. Je setpoint kan naarmate stress steeds recenter en vaker aanwezig is, wordt de setpoint van homeostase steeds hoger. Wat niet goed voor je is.
What is Kindling?
initial episodes of a mood disorder are more likely to be influenced by psychosocial
stressors compared to later episodes, upon which stressors are thought to have less of an effect
What is Cognitive Theory?
when a person experiences stimuli, their minds will look toward prior schema (or internal frameworks created by memories) to help them
understand this information, like a PC. So they can be altered
Neurotrophic Hypothesis
depression results from decreased neurotrophic support, leading to
neuronal atrophy, decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and loss of glia, and that antidepressant
treatment blocks/reverses this neurotrophic factor deficit, and reverses the atrophy and cell loss
